We all know that India is an ancient civilization so there should not be any surprise that India has its own martial arts but what may actually interest you even more is that the Indian martial arts have influenced many fighting systems around the world. Huyen langlon from Manipur, Gataka from Punjab, Chhau from Orissa, Kalaripayattu from Kerala, Thoda from Himachal Pradesh are the names of some of its ancient martial arts. And also there is a whole series of different forms of martial arts from Tamilnadu as well like – Kuttu Varisai, Gusthi,Malyutham, Varma Ati, Silambam, Adi Thadi or Adi Murai, just to name a few. They all have an outstanding history and great impact from time immemorial but in this article, I am going to focus only on one of them – Kalaripayattu from Kerala.
我们都知道，印度是一个古老的文明，所以印度有自己的武术不应该有任何惊喜，但实际上更令你感兴趣的是印度武术已经影响了世界各地的许多战斗系统。 来自Manipur的Huyen langlon，旁遮普的Gataka，奥里萨州的Chhau，喀拉拉邦的Kalaripayattu，喜马偕尔邦的Thoda都是古代武术的名称。 而且还有来自泰米尔纳德邦的一系列不同形式的武术，就像Kuttu Varisai，Gusthi，Malyutham，Varma Ati，Silambam，Adi Thadi或Adi Murai等等。 他们都有着悠久的历史和远古时代的巨大影响力，但是在这篇文章中，我将只关注其中的一个 – 喀拉拉邦的卡拉里帕亚托（Kalaripayattu）。
India has many indigenous martial arts which have influenced many different martial arts of the world and the good news is that within India, these ancient martial arts are still very much in practice even today.
Kalaripayattu
Kalaripayattu or as called by others – kalari comes from the words kalari which means training ground and payattu which means fight. It is said to be not only the oldest martial art of the world but also the mother of many ancient fighting systems of the world. Shaolin kung fu was heavily influenced from it as the Buddhist monk called Bodhidharma (also known as Dat mo or Damo) who was also a kalaripayattu expert improved the fighting system of the Chinese and made it more complete. Bodhidharma modified it according to the body types of the Chinese monks.
Kalaripayattu或被称为别人 – 卡拉里来自卡拉里这个词意味着训练场和payattu这意味着打架。 据说它不仅是世界上最古老的武术，而且也是世界许多古代战斗系统的母亲。 少林功夫受到很大的影响，因为也是一个kalaripayattu专家的菩提达摩 , 碧眼胡（也被称为达摩或达摩）的和尚改善了中国人的战斗系统，使其更完整。 达摩根据中国僧侣的体型对其进行修改。
Kalaripayattu in China evolved into kung fu thanks to a South Indian monk –Bodhidharmawho in China was called Tamo or Tat moh (碧眼胡).
Stages of kalaripayattukalaripayattu阶段
As I already mentioned, kalaripayattu includes different types of fighting – bare-handed and with the use of weaponry. What may actually surprise you is that during the training, the student learns the weaponless martial art in the very end of the whole process. But even before the real practice starts, students are learning meditation, physical exercises, medicine and oil massages. There are four stages of learning kalaripayattu:
正如我已经提到的，kalaripayattu包括不同类型的战斗 – 裸手和使用武器。 实际上你可能会感到惊讶的是，在训练过程中，学生在整个过程的最后学习了无武器的武术。 但是，即使在真正的实践开始之前，学生们正在学习冥想，体育锻炼，医学和石油按摩。 学习kalaripayattu有四个阶段：
Meithari is the first stage which is about physical exercises which are certainly choreographed in order to make sure that all the muscles and joints are involved and mental balance is attained.
Meithari是第一个关于体育锻炼的阶段，为了确保所有的肌肉和关节都参与并达到心理平衡，这些锻炼当然是需要编排的。
In the next stage – Kolthari the student is introduced to wooden weapons like short and long staffs, canes.
在下一个阶段 – Kolthari，学生被引入木制武器，如短期和长期的工作人员，手杖。
During the third stage – Ankathari, the practitioner is learning the art of fighting with the use of sharp iron weapons like sword and shield, dagger and many other different tools.
在第三阶段 – Ankathari，练习者正在学习使用剑，盾，匕首和其他许多工具的锋利的铁武器战斗的艺术。
After the student completes all the mentioned stages, he may move to the last part – Verumkai which is all about the techniques of bare-handed attack and defense.
学生完成所有提到的阶段之后，他可能会转到最后一部分 – Verumkai，这是关于单手攻击和防守的技巧。
So, as we can see learning kalaripayattu makes the student familiar with all kinds of different ways of fighting.
所以，我们可以看到学习kalaripayattu使学生熟悉各种不同的战斗方式。
Marmas – pressure points in the human body
Marmas – 压力点在人体内
When we talk about kalari we should not forget about one of the most subtle yet very effective formof self-defense, and that is a clever manipulation of – “marmas”. Marmas are pressure points in the human body and when they are manipulated in a desired way, the effect can cause an extreme pain, disability, on spot death or even a delayed death depending on what result the attacker desires. According to the Ayurveda, there are 108 marmas in the body while 64 out of them are classified as lethal marmas. But these can be taught only to the students who are positively assessed by the teacher as one should never misuse this knowledge and learning kalaripayattu is also about having pure intentions.
当我们谈到卡拉里时，我们不应该忘记其中一种最微妙但最有效的自卫方式，那就是巧妙地操纵“marmas”。 马尔马斯是人体内的压力点，当他们以所需的方式操纵时，取决于攻击者所期望的结果，这种效应会导致极度的痛苦，残疾，死亡，甚至死亡。 据印度阿育吠陀报道，身体内有108个marmas，其中64个被列为致命的marmas。 但是这些只能教给被老师肯定评估的学生，因为不应该滥用这种知识，学习kalaripayattu也是纯粹的意图。
How kalaripayattu stayed alive
Kalaripayattu was commonly practiced especially in the southern states of India。 For example, in Kerala it was very common to send all the children above the age of seven to the kalaris to understand and learn this unique martial art。 But the popularity started to decline during the British Raj as the art of kalari became a huge problem for the new rulers who were scared of some rebellions and that is why they banned kalaripayattu。 Those who were practicing it or were keeping the kalaripayattu weaponry were sent to jail。
But the people of Kerala still managed to preserve their martial art and this beautiful martial art still is present in the land of Kerala with many kalaris open and with gurukkals (teacher) teaching the students not only the art of fighting but also meditation, control over your own body, Ayurveda and respect。 Kalaripayattu does not only improves your overall physical fitness and teaches you how to defend yourself in case of an attack but also has a positive impact on your concentration as well。Kalaripayattu
通常在印度南部各州尤其常用。例如，在喀拉拉邦，把所有七岁以上的孩子送到卡拉里斯来了解和学习这种独特的武术非常普遍。但是在英国的拉吉时代，受欢迎程度开始下降，因为卡拉里的艺术成为新的统治者的一个巨大的问题，他们害怕一些叛乱，所以他们禁止卡拉里帕亚特。那些正在练习或持有卡拉里帕亚武器的人被送入监狱。但是喀拉拉邦的人民仍然设法保留他们的武术，这个美丽的武术仍然存在于喀拉拉邦的土地上，许多卡拉里斯开放，并与gurukkals（老师）不仅教学生的战斗艺术，而且还打坐，控制你自己的身体，阿育吠陀和尊重。 Kalaripayattu不仅可以提高您的整体身体素质，还可以教您如何在发作时为自己辩护，同时也对您的注意力产生积极的影响。
You may also want to watch this movie on Kalaripayattu :
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