特朗普政府在余下任期看似再对中国企业采取行动，路透社揭露，美国即将宣布89家中企有军事联系，并限制这些公司购买一系列美国商品和技术。
路透社今天（23日）引述草稿内容报道，受影响的公司包括中国商用飞机（COMAC）、中国航空工业集团（AVIC）及与集团有关联的10个实体。
报道认为，相关清单一旦发布，这会可能进一步加剧紧张的美中贸易关系，并对向中国出售民用航空零部件的美国公司造成伤害。
这份清单也包含在美国的一项规则草案中，而这份草案将记录被美国认为是“军方最终用户”的中国和俄罗斯公司。这些公司一旦被列为“军方最终用户”，美国供应商就必须获得许可证，才能向这些公司出售大量商业产品，但规则草案一旦记录了上述企业，许可证申请被拒绝的可能性将比较大。
业内消息人士透露，至少一家美国主要供应商对美国将中国商用飞机被列入清单感到意外，而这家供应商已认定中国商用飞机并非军事最终用户。
业内人士也称，这份清单也将为欧洲竞争对手提供一个提升其制造商知名度的机会，因为这些竞争对手无需通过获得许可证这一关。
美国公司通用电气（General Electric）和霍尼韦尔国际（Honeywell International）都是中国商用飞机的货品供应商，并且与中国航空工业集团有合资企业。
美国总统特朗普刚在本月12日宣布，禁止美国资金投入支持中国军方的中国企业，相关行政命令明年1月11日生效。
以下是美国路透社报道原文的全文：
The Trump administration is close to declaring that 89 Chinese aerospace and other companies have military ties, restricting them from buying a range of U.S. goods and technology, according to a draft copy of the list seen by Reuters.
The list, if published, could further escalate trade tensions with Beijing and hurt U.S. companies that sell civil aviation parts and components to China, among other industries.
A spokesman for the U.S. Department of Commerce, which produced the list, declined to comment. The Chinese foreign ministry did not immediately response to a request for comment.
Commercial Aircraft Corp of China (COMAC), which is spearheading Chinese efforts to compete with Boeing and Airbus, is on the list, as is Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) and 10 of its related entities.
The list is included in a draft rule that identifies Chinese and Russian companies the U.S. considers “military end users,” a designation that means U.S. suppliers must seek licenses to sell a broad swath of commercially available items to them.
According to the rule, applications for such licenses are more likely to be denied than granted.
U.S President Donald Trump has stepped up his actions in recent months against China. Ten days ago, he unveiled an executive order prohibiting U.S. investments in Chinese companies that Washington says are owned or controlled by the Chinese military.
The pending list comes after the Commerce Department expanded the definition of “military end user” in April.
The April rule includes not only armed service and national police, but any person or entity that supports or contributes to the maintenance or production of military items – even if their business is primarily non-military.
The export restriction applies to items as disparate as computer software like word processing, scientific equipment like digital oscilloscopes, and aircraft parts and components.
In terms of aircraft, the items include everything from brackets for flight control boxes to the engines themselves.
News of the list comes at a sensitive time for the U.S. aerospace industry as Boeing seeks Chinese approval of its 737 MAX after it was cleared by U.S. regulators last week. In March 2019, China was the first nation to ground the jet following two fatal crashes and it is already expected to wait months to lift the ban. A spokesman for Boeing declined to comment.
Washington trade lawyer Kevin Wolf, a former Commerce official, said Commerce had shared the draft rule with a technical advisory committee of industry representatives, and it should have been kept confidential.
Wolf said the rule and list still could be modified and that the clock was running out for it to go into effect under the Trump administration since it would need to be cleared and sent to the Federal Register, the official U.S. publication for rules, by mid-December.
In the draft rule seen by Reuters, the Commerce Department said being able to control the flow of U.S. technology to the listed companies was “vital for protecting U.S. national security interests.”
But a former U.S. official who did not want to be identified, said “merely creating a list and populating it is a provocative act.” An aerospace industry source said it could spur China to retaliate.
The inclusion of COMAC would come as a surprise to at least one major U.S. supplier, which had determined the company was not a military end user, the industry source said.
A list also would provide European competitors with an opening to promote their manufacturers, by pointing out they do not have to clear such hurdles, even if the U.S. grants the licenses, the industry source said.
General Electric and Honeywell International, both supply COMAC and have joint ventures with AVIC.
A GE spokesperson said its global joint ventures operate in compliance with all laws, and that the company has worked to obtain licenses related to military end users.
A Honeywell spokeswoman declined to comment.
Besides the 89 Chinese listings, the draft rule also designates 28 Russian entities, including Irkut, which is also aiming to break into Boeing’s market with its MC-21 jetliner development.
The 117-company list is “not exhaustive,” the draft rule said, and is considered an “initial tranche.”
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