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本文预计阅读时间：34分钟~共计2个段落~
温故而知新
上一周的精读学习中，小编为大家送上了一篇关于毕业就业的报道，那对于其中的新鲜表达，大家消化了吗?
我们先复习一下~
1.表示【原因】新增了什么说法？
A means B
2.”冲击，打击“有哪些表达？
hit
buffet
hammer
clobber,
deal a blow to
3.中文中的良辰吉日，或者说好时候，用英文怎么表示?
a propitious/lucky/auspicious time
4.失业人员用英文可以怎么说？
the unemployed
the jobless
idle hands
a displaced worker
a worker made redundant
a worker out of employment
a worker thrown out of work
a laid-off worker…
5.如何表示“一大批，一群人”？
a legion/legions of
an army/armies of
a swarm/swarms of
a horde/hordes of
。
。
。
不太记得了咋办好，戳复习呗！
背景概要
8月1日，特朗普连发四条推文，宣布将于9月1日对3000亿美元中国输美商品加征10%关税。再次点燃贸易战的火花。而就在短短四天后，人民币兑美元在九年以来首次破7。这一下惹恼了特朗普，又开始发推炮轰中国是货币操纵国，企图通过操纵货币以获得贸易优势，尽管该指责并不符合美国财政部判断汇率操纵国的三条标准。针对这一事件，经济学人最新一期Leader板块带来了最新解读，并呼吁中美通过九月的经贸磋商中成功和谈。我们一同来看一下原文。
US-China trade
Dangerous miscalculations
America cannot have a strong economy, a trade war and a weak dollar at the same time
第一段
SINCE THE trade war began in 2018 the damage done to the global economy has been surprisinglyslight.America hasgrown healthilyand the rest of the world hasmuddled along. But this weekthe picture darkenedas the confrontation between America and China escalated, with more tariffs threatened and abitterrowerupting over China’s exchange rate. Investors fear the dispute will trigger a recession, and there areominoussignsin the markets—share prices fell andgovernment-bond yieldssank tonear-recordlows.To avoid adownturn, both sides need to compromise. But for that to happen President Donald Trump and his advisers must rethink their strategy. If the realisation has notdawnedyet, it soon should: America cannot have acheap currency, a trade conflict anda thriving economy.
参考翻译:自2018年贸易战爆发以来，全球经济受到的损害出奇地轻微。美国经济蓬勃发展，其他国家也各自摸索着前行。但在本周，随着中美对抗的升级，关税威胁和围绕中国汇率的激烈争吵的爆发，形势变得更加黯淡。投资者担心这一争端将引发经济衰退，市场上也出现了不祥的迹象——股价下跌，政府债券收益率跌至接近历史最低水平。为了避免经济衰退，双方都需要做出妥协。但要实现这一点，唐纳德•特朗普(Donald Trump)总统和他的顾问们必须重新考虑他们的策略。如果他们还未意识到这一点，也应该会很快明白:美国不可能在美元贬值、贸易冲突时还享受繁荣的经济。
小编导读
第一段欲抑先扬，先说这场旷日持久的中美贸易战似乎对世界经济影响不大。然后来了一个but, 开始说重点：但从这周开始可不一样了，市场的种种迹象表明，经济衰退就在前方招手。如果特朗普再不悬崖勒马，及时醒悟，美国未来经济形势可是不容乐观啊。
分句解析
第一句
SINCE THE trade war began in 2018 the damage done to the global economy has been surprisinglyslight.America hasgrown healthilyand the rest of the world hasmuddled along. But this weekthe picture darkenedas the confrontation between America and China escalated, with more tariffs threatened and abitterrowerupting over China’s exchange rate.
自2018年贸易战爆发以来，全球经济受到的损害出奇地轻微。美国经济蓬勃发展，其他国家也各自摸索着前行。但在本周，随着中美对抗的升级，关税威胁和围绕中国汇率的激烈争吵的爆发，形势变得更加黯淡。
词汇表达
①首先是词组take a turn for the worse, 比如上月一篇关于中国经济增速放缓的文章就出现了这个表达:The export picture has clearly taken a turn for the worse. 中国的出口形势显然已经恶化。该句中也用到了picture表示“形势”的那层意思。
②get/turn uglier: 这里的ugly不是丑陋的，而表示局势令人不快或者凶险。中美贸易战愈演愈烈，经济学人就是这样表达的：The trade bust-up is getting uglier.
③另外一个与ugly类似的小词是nasty, 也能表示令人不快或者凶险之意，所以get/turn nastier也能表示情况越来越糟。比如在报道香港游行抗议事件恶化时，外媒就这么说的：Things turned nastier on June 12th, when protesters surrounded the Legislative Council building and forced a delay in the debate on the bill 局势在6月12日变得更加糟糕，抗议者包围了立法会大楼，迫使有关法案的辩论推迟。
难句解析
But this week the picture darkened/as the confrontation between America and China escalated/, with more tariffs threatened and a bitter row erupting over China’s exchange rate.
第二句
Investors fear the dispute will trigger a recession, and there areominoussignsin the markets—share prices fell andgovernment-bond yieldssank tonear-recordlows.
投资者担心这一争端将引发经济衰退，市场上也出现了不祥的迹象——股价下跌，政府债券收益率跌至接近历史最低水平。
词汇表达
第三句
To avoid adownturn, both sides need to compromise.But for that to happen President Donald Trump and his advisers must rethink their strategy. If the realisation has notdawnedyet, it soon should: America cannot have acheap currency, a trade conflict anda thriving economy.
为了避免经济衰退，双方都需要做出妥协。但要实现这一点，唐纳德•特朗普(Donald Trump)总统和他的顾问们必须重新考虑他们的策略。如果他们还未意识到这一点，也应该会很快明白:美国不可能在美元贬值、贸易冲突时还享受繁荣的经济。
词汇表达
第二段
The latestspikein tensions began on August 1st, when the White House threatened toimpose a further round of dutieson $300bn of Chinese exports by the start of September. China responded four days later by telling its state-run companies to stop buying American agricultural goods. On the same day it let its heavily managed currency pass through a rate of seven against the dollar,a threshold which may seemarbitrarybut is symbolically important
参考翻译：最近一次紧张局势的加剧始于8月1日，当时白宫威胁称，将在9月初对3000亿美元的中国出口商品征收新一轮关税。四天后，中国做出回应，要求国有企业停止购买美国农产品。就在同一天，中国允许受到严格管控的人民币兑美元汇率突破7.0的关口，这一门槛可能看上去有些随意，但具有重要的象征意义
小编导读
如果说第一段是介绍了一个大的经济背景，第二段就开始进入正题了—贸易战再次升温：美国对中国加征新一轮关税，中国随后反制，一让国有企业停止购买美国农产品，二让人民币贬值，兑美元跌破7元关卡。
分句解析
第一句
The latestspikein tensions began on August 1st, when the White House threatened toimpose a further round of dutieson $300bn of Chinese exports by the start of September. China responded four days later by telling its state-run companies to stop buying American agricultural goods.
最近一次紧张局势的加剧始于8月1日，当时白宫威胁称，将在9月初对3000亿美元的中国出口商品征收新一轮关税。四天后，中国做出回应，要求国有企业停止购买美国农产品。
词汇表达
①President Donald Trump has circumventedthe WTO toimpose tariffs onsteel and aluminium imports 美国总统特朗普已经绕过WTO对进口钢铁和铝材征收关税；
②From September 1st, he said, his administration would be applying tariffs of 10% on $300bn worth of Chinese imports他说，从9月1日起，他的政府将将对价值3000亿美元的中国进口商品征收10%的关税；
③If China runs out of American goods to tax, it could raise existing tariffs higher.虽然可供中国征收关税的美国商品规模不足，但中方可以提高现有关税；
④Straight after saying he would slap hefty tariffs on aluminium and steel imports, he is setting his sights on China 在表示将对铝和钢材进口征收高额关税后，他旋即盯上了中国；
⑤Thetrade spat provoked by American tariffs on imported steel and aluminium (which exempt scrap) has already promptedtrading partners to impose retaliatory levies美国对进口钢铝征收关税（废金属免征）引发的贸易争端已经促使贸易伙伴展开报复性征税
总结一下就是：表示是“税收/关税”的表达大概四种duty,tariff,tax,levy,动词主要有impose,slap,apply,怎么搭配就比较灵活了。
第二句
On the same day it let its heavily managed currency pass through a rate of seven against the dollar,a threshold which may seemarbitrarybut is symbolically important
就在同一天，中国允许受到严格管控的人民币兑美元汇率突破7.0的关口，这一门槛可能看上去有些随意，但具有重要的象征意义
词汇表达
翻译点睛
①”人民币兑美元破七“，这用英文如何表达？本文的说法是：pass through a rate of seven against the dollar. rate这单词本身就有汇率之意，而想表示两种货币兑换比率时，常用介词against或者to, 比如经济学人另外一篇文章就用到的介词to:
“人民币破7”的说法不一，小编在这里多补充了其他几家外媒的说法， 大家可以选择自己顺眼的表达记下来:
→卫报：关键词yuan; the Chinese currency; sink;fall through; seven-to-one dollar level
→华盛顿邮报：关键词 its currency; threshold; seven yuan per dollar
→Bloomberg:关键词 its currency; weaken; level of 7 per dollar
→金融时报：关键词renminbi;slide; level of Rmb7 to the dollar
看完还是觉得经济学人的说法最简单….
②a threshold which may seem arbitrary but is symbolically important
这一门槛可能看上去有些随意，但具有重要的象征意义
▲但消费者认为麦当劳是一家对社会或环境负责的公司吗?
我们可能会这么说：But do consumers perceive McDonald’s as a company responsible for society or environment?
而改成【副词＋形容词】的结构后：But do consumers perceive McDonald’s as a socially or environmentally responsible company?
▲尽管它的发源地是树木稀少的大草原，但人类长期以来一直从森林中寻找食物、燃料、木材和崇高的灵感。
我们可能会这么说：Although its cradle is the savannah with sparse trees, humankind has long looked to forests for food, fuel, timber and sublime inspiration.
而改成【副词＋形容词】的结构后就是：Although its cradle is the sparsely wooded savannah, humankind has long looked to forests for food, fuel, timber and sublime inspiration.
总而言之，我们要想在翻译上有所提升，就不要总是拘泥于原文的词性。多多思考如何使译文精炼而地道才是真。
拿出小本本
我们来回顾下~
1.“经济衰退”怎么说？
economic downturn/recession/doldrums/slump/bust/chill
2.“混日子，虚度光阴”怎么说？
drift along
idle away
trifle away
dream away
3.“形势恶化”怎么说？
The picture darkens/take a turn for the worse/get uglier/get nastier
4.“人民币破7”怎么说？
Its currency passed through a rate of seven against the dollar
The yuan weakened past seven to the dollar
The Chinese currency fell through the seven-to-one dollar level
The yuan sank below the seven-to-one dollar level
Its currency weakened below the level of 7 per dollar
Its currency crossed the threshold of seven yuan per dollar
Shelly 8月“经济学人精读写作班”招生进行中，戳“”了解详情，好班约你，千万别错过~
（原文获取渠道：转发此文到朋友圈，写上一句评论，然后截屏发到公众号上即可~）
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