以往我主要跟大家更新的都是外刊精读或者泛读的文章,其实呢,我个人还是挺喜欢文学类的题材的,之前我也开过的散文翻译班,发现里面有蛮多很不错的文章,通过双语的赏析,即可以提高我们的汉语水平,也可以通过翻译去领略英文的美。

dawned_dawned是什么意思_dawnedupon

今天我给大家选了一篇节选自选自巴金的《狗》,建议大家可以先自行看着中文完成翻译,再对照来自张培基先生的译文对比,最后再跟着解析进行学习,当然没有翻译学习需求的同学,也可以直接通过解析掌握一些语言知识点。

dawned_dawnedupon_dawned是什么意思

原文:

小时候我害怕狗。记得有一回在新年里,我到二伯父家去玩。在他那个花园内,一条大黑狗追赶我,跑过几块花圃。后来我上了洋楼,才躲过这一场灾难,没有让狗嘴咬坏我的腿。

以后见着狗,我总是逃,它也总是追,而且屡屡望着我的影子狺狺狂吠。我愈怕,狗愈凶。

怕狗成了我的一种病。

我渐渐地长大起来。有一天不知道因为什么,我忽然觉得怕狗是很可耻的事情。看见狗我便站住,不再逃避。

我站住,狗也就站住。它望着我狂吠,它张大嘴,它做出要扑过来的样子。但是它并不朝着我前进一步。

它用怒目看我,我便也用怒目看它。它始终保持着我和它中间的距离。

这样地过了一阵子,我便转身走了。狗立刻追上来。

我回过头。狗马上站住了。它望着我恶叫,却不敢朝我扑过来。

参考翻译:

I used to be afraid of dogs when I was a child. One day during lunar new year, I remember, I happened to be chased after by a big black dog while I was playing about in the garden of Second Uncle’s home. Fortunately, after running past several flower beds, I gave him the slip by rushing upstairs in a storeyed building, thus avoiding the mishap of having my legs bitten by the fierce animal.

From then on, I always played the fugitive while the dog the pursuer. He would bark furiously at the sight of me. And the more scared I was, the fiercer he became.

I developed a canine phobia.

As I was growing up, one day it suddenly dawned on me somehow that it was shameful to be afraid of a dog. Hence instead of shying away in fear, I stood confronting him.

I stood firm and so did he. He barked angrily with his mouth wide open as if he were about to run at me. But, nevertheless, he never moved a single step towards me.

He glowered at me, and so did I at him. But he always kept the same distance between us.

小时候我害怕狗。//记得有一回在新年里,我到二伯父家去玩。在他那个花园内,一条大黑狗追赶我,//跑过几块花圃。后来我上了洋楼,才躲过这一场灾难,没有让狗嘴咬坏我的腿。

I used to be afraid of dogs when I was a child. //One day during lunar new year, I remember, I happened tobe chased after by a big black dog while I was playing about in the garden of Second Uncle’s home. //Fortunately, after running past several flower beds, I gave him the slip by rushing upstairs in a storeyed building, thus avoiding the mishap of having my legs bitten by the fierce animal.

解析:

1.句子结构

这一段的中英互译能让我们强烈地感受到中英的差异。可以看到译者对句子进行了切分整合,英文的切分整合逻辑在于时间先后和空间转换。

比如这里英文是把“我怕狗“,”我到二伯家玩有只狗追我“,“狗怎么追的我,结局如何” 作为三个意群,按照时间事件一件一件得说出来。具体划分参考文中//处。

2.翻译表达

看看第二句,“记得有一回在新年里,我到二伯父家去玩。在他那个花园内,一条大黑狗追赶我。” 这一句就是在陈述某件事,根据上下文我们知道作者主要想讲的是黑狗追,而不是我去伯父家玩,因此“黑狗追”就是主句,“去二伯家玩”是从句,译者用while加从句。

时间状语during lunar new year和地点状语in the garden of Second Uncle’s home一般置于句首和句末,故译为One day, I remember, I happened to be chased after by a big black dog while I was playing about. 其中一回的意思即那次碰巧,所以译为happen to do sth。

再来看最后一句的翻译,“跑过几块花圃。后来我上了洋楼,才躲过这一场灾难,没有让狗嘴咬坏我的腿。”,也就是在跑过几块花圃之后,我通过跑上了洋楼才躲过一劫,故译为Fortunately, after running past several flower beds, I gave him the slip by rushing upstairs in a storeyed building, thus avoiding the mishap of having my legs bitten by the fierce animal.

其中,fortunately是译者根据文中意思增添部分,upstairs在这里是副词,表示向楼上去,

洋楼,那时候人们把那种有几层的叫做洋楼,故译为storeyed building, 其中storeyed就是有…层楼的的意思,并且在这个词前面用连接符加数字,就表示几层楼的意思,比如The streets were lined with two-storeyed houses.街道两侧排列着几幢两层小楼。

“才躲过这一场灾难“译为fortunately…I gave him the slip, 是按”幸而把狗甩掉了“的意思加以表达的,把最根本的意思译出来,等于Fortunately…I succeeded in escaping from him, 其中to give one the slip是成语,作”趁…….不备时溜掉“或”把……甩掉“解,比如,Noticing that a man is following me, I managed to gave him the slip. 注意到有一个男人跟踪我,我设法甩掉了他。

“没有让狗嘴咬坏我的腿”这句,因为前面已经有主谓了,因此这个部分就拿来作枝干部分,又因为前后又有因果关系,所以就用结果连词连接,并用分词作结果状语,故译为 thus avoiding the mishap of having my legs bitten by the fierce animal(这里指代狗)

其中mishap是增益成分,但是合理的添加成分,指的就是被狗咬的这个不幸的事。直译也是可以的,即thus/therefore/hence avoiding being bitten on my legs by the fierce animal,

3.词汇拓展

Mishap, 名词,小事故;晦气,比如,

• a slight mishap 小小的不幸

• a series of mishaps 一连串的倒霉事

• I managed to get home without (further) mishap . 我总算平安回到了家。

以后见着狗,我总是逃,它也总是追,//而且屡屡望着我的影子狺狺狂吠。//我愈怕,狗愈凶。

From then on, I always played the fugitive while the dog the pursuer. He would bark furiously at the sight of me. And the more scared I was, the fiercer he became.

解析:

1.句子结构

狗追我是一件事,望着我狂吠也是一件事,因此译者从中间切分开了,具体划分参考文中//处。

2.翻译表达

“我总是逃,它也总是追“未按字面直译为I always run away while the dog always chased, 改译为一种更加生动形象幽默的说法即“我总是当逃兵,狗总是当那个追赶的人”,而且译者全文都是用he代替狗,因此这样的译法更符合全文的基调。故译为I always played the fugitive while the dog (省略了played)the pursuer, 较可取。

“屡屡望着我的影子狺狺(yín)狂吠“意即“屡屡看到我就凶恶地吠叫”故译为he would bark furiously at the sight of me. 译文中用He, 不用it, 来称呼“狗”,是为了使之拟人化。其中at the sight of, 意即一看到…, 可以用在句首和句末,比如At the sight of the police officers, they ran off. 一看见那些警官,他们便逃跑了。

“我愈怕,狗愈凶”,很典型的越……越……的句型,即the more…the more…,故译为And the more scared I was, the fiercer he became.

怕狗成了我的一种病。

I developed a canine phobia.

解析:

1.翻译表达

“怕狗成了我的一种病”中文都懂,但是翻译的时候不宜按字面直译,应该意译为我有(发展)恐狗症,I developed a canine phobia(或a phobia about dogs),其中phobia的意思是“恐惧症”(a morbid or unreasonable fear of something),

比如He has a phobia about flying. 他对飞行有恐惧症。另外这个词也可以作为后缀,构成名词,表示什么恐惧症,比如claustrophobia 幽闭恐惧症xenophobia 恐外症

我渐渐地长大起来。有一天不知道因为什么,我忽然觉得怕狗是很可耻的事情。//看见狗我便站住,不再逃避。

As I was growing up, one day it suddenly dawned onme somehow that it was shameful to be afraid of a dog. //Hence instead of shying away in fear, I stood confronting him.

解析:

1.句子结构

“我渐渐地长大起来。有一天不知道因为什么,我忽然觉得怕狗是很可耻的事情。”很自然的我们反应到“随着我慢慢长大,我开始意识到”这种句型,所以译为as/when等句型。

2.翻译表达

“有一天不知道因为什么,我忽然觉得……”译为one day, it suddenlydawned onme somehow that…, 其中dawn on sb的意思是If a fact or idea dawns on you, you realize it. 使开始明白,比如,It gradually dawned on me that I still had talent and ought to run again. 我渐渐明白我还有能力,应该再参加一次。

其中用somehow表达“不知道因为什么”等for some reason that was not clear 或for some reason or other.

最后一句和上文的关系是因果关系,所以要用结果连词连接,hence/therefore/thus都可以。

“不再逃避:译为instead of shying away in fear, 其中to shy away 作”避开“”躲开“解,与to start aside同义。比如,Their Achilles heel is that they shy away from conflict. 他们的弱点在于他们避开冲突。

“我便站住”,译者没有直译为I stood, 而是添加了confronting作伴随状语,即站住直面狗,是增益成分,原文没有直接说,但是有此意。

我站住,狗也就站住。它望着我狂吠,它张大嘴,它做出要扑过来的样子。但是它并不朝着我前进一步。

I stood firmand so did he. He barked angrily withhis mouth wide open as ifhe were about to run at me. But, nevertheless,he never moved a single step towards me.

解析:

1.翻译表达

第一处,站住,不仅仅是站着,而是站定了,因此是stood firm, 其中firm在这里是副词,表示稳固地,也可以表示立场坚定,stand firm,表示坚定不移;不让步;坚持自己的观点的意思。So did he是倒装句,表示谁也一样的意思,下文而是此用法。

再来看这一句,“它望着我狂吠,它张大嘴,它做出要扑过来的样子”,主语是它,后有三个动词,选取一个作谓语即可,其他用伴随或从句,故译为He barked angrily with his mouth wide open as if he were about to run at me.其中,with his mouth wide open是with介词短语作伴随,as if引导虚拟语气从句。

“但是它并不朝着我前进一步”,But, nevertheless, he never moved a single step towards me.

这里的but 和nevertheless能连用,but nevertheless的意思是’然而’, 并且两词间要有空格,英语中有此用法。比如,But, nevertheless, local residents have adjusted to these conditions and easily grow different crops on these fields. 然而,虽然环境恶劣,当地居民还是在这里种植了多种农作物。

它用怒目看我,我便也用怒目看它。它始终保持着我和它中间的距离。//这样地过了一阵子,我便转身走了。狗立刻追上来。

He glowered at me, and so did I at him. But he always kept the samedistance between us. //After a time, the minute my back was turned he immediately followed in pursuit.

解析:

1.句子结构

“这样地过了一阵子,我便转身走了。狗立刻追上来。”意思就是我一转身走开,狗就立刻追上来,所以要合并为一句。

2.翻译表达

保持中间的距离,也就是我们中间的距离一直是一样的,不会拉近也不会变远,所以译者添加了the same,是合理的增益成分。

“这样地过了一阵子,我便转身走了。狗立刻追上来。”意思就是我一转身走开,狗就立刻追上来,即我转身的那刻,他就追上来,故译为the minutemy back was turned(I turned my back) he immediately followed in pursuit, 其中the minute或the moment/the second/the instant/as soon as引导时间状语从句。其中follow in pursuit是追击的意思。

3.词汇拓展

Glower 怒视的意思,动词,比如He glowered at me but said nothing. 他怒视着我,却一言不发。

我回过头。狗马上站住了。它望着我恶叫,却不敢朝我扑过来。

However, as I looked back, he stopped right away and stood barking at me savagely, butdared notattack me.

解析:

1.句子结构

这里中文虽然很多句号,但说起来就一句话的事,都是在讲同一件事,所以译者进行了合并。

2.翻译表达

这句话与上文构成了转折关系,这个逻辑词还是要进行补充的,一定要记得英语是显性逻辑语言,因此添加however/but/nevertheless都可以。

看中文,除了“我回过头”主语是我,其他几句说的都是狗的动作,所以重点就在后面,狗的动作上,所以我回过头就作为从句,故译as I looked back.

不敢dare not do sth, dare这里是实义动词,是有胆量做某事的意思,后面接(to)do. 比如He didn’t dare (to) say what he thought. 他不敢说出他的想法。

3.词汇拓展

Dare, 做实义动词时通常与一般动词一样构成否定式和疑问式,后接带to的动词不定式,最常用于否定句中:I didn’t dare to ask. 我不敢问。He won’t dare to break his promise. 他不敢食言。

dare亦可以情态动词方式使用,尤其在英式英语中的现在时的否定式,后接不带to的动词不定式:I daren’t tell her the truth. 我不敢对她讲实话。

Savagely是savage的副词形式,表示“野蛮地;残忍地;凶恶地”,这里我们就拓展一下savage这个词,

作形容词的意思是①“凶恶的;凶残的“,比如savage dogs, 恶狗;②猛烈抨击的,比如savage attack on the government’s record对政府的业绩进行了猛烈的抨击 ③蒙昧的;未开化的;野蛮的,比如a savage tribe 野蛮部落。

作名词表示①野蛮人;未开化的人②凶狠残暴的人,

作动词表示①残害;凶狠地攻击伤害,比如She was savaged to death by a bear. 她遭熊袭击而丧命。②猛烈批评;抨击,比如She has been savage by the public. 她遭到公众的猛烈抨击。

限 时 特 惠: 本站每日持续更新海量各大内部创业教程,一年会员只需98元,全站资源免费下载 点击查看详情
站 长 微 信: lzxmw777

发表回复

您的电子邮箱地址不会被公开。 必填项已用*标注