扩大俄罗斯在印度洋的存在 Expanding Russian Presence in the Indian Ocean
不断变化的地缘政治现实和不断恶化的美国形象正在世界各地形成新的联盟。美国霸权下的单极世界因其独裁态度而引发了不公正和虐待感。美国的军事和外交干预扩大了全球北方和全球南方之间的鸿沟。在最近的地缘政治转变中，俄罗斯和中国已成为世界上新的超级大国。全球南方将其视为结盟的新可行选择。金砖国家的扩大进一步增强了这两个超级大国的意义。此外，俄罗斯还希望在全球事务中发挥更大的作用。为了实现这一目标，俄罗斯正在加强其在印度洋的存在，并加强与亚洲发展中国家的关系。
Changing geopolitical realities and the deteriorating image of the United States are resulting in novel alliances around the world. The unipolar world under the hegemony of the United States has sparked a sense of injustice and maltreatment due to its dictatorial attitude. Military and diplomatic interventions by the United States have widened the gulf between the global north and the global south. In the recent geopolitical shifts, Russia and China have emerged as the new superpowers of the world.
The global south looks at them as the new viable option for an alliance. The expansion of BRICS has further enhanced the significance of these two superpowers. Moreover, Russia is also looking to play a larger role in global affairs. In pursuit of this goal, Russia is boosting its presence in the Indian Ocean and bolstering its ties with the developing countries of Asia.
该国在11月增加了海军活动。11月7日至9日，俄罗斯和缅甸在安达曼海举行了规模最大的海军演习。俄罗斯国防部认为，这是现代史上首次合作军事演习。Tributes海军上将、Panteleyev海军上将、俄罗斯太平洋舰队的两艘反潜舰以及缅甸海军的一艘护卫舰和一艘护卫艇参加了这些演习。西方对缅甸和俄罗斯的制裁拉近了两国的距离。这种不断升级的伙伴关系对俄罗斯和缅甸来说是互利的，因为后者可以满足其武器需求，而前者可以为其武器和武器开辟新市场。
The country increased its naval activities in November. Russia and Myanmar conducted their biggest naval exercises from the 7th to the 9th of November in the Andaman Sea. Russia’s Ministry of Defense held that this was the first collaborative military exercise in modern history. Admiral Tributs, Admiral Panteleyev, and two anti-submarine ships of the Pacific Fleet of Russia along with a corvette and a frigate of Myanmar’s navy participated in these exercises. The Western sanctions on Myanmar and Russia have brought the two countries closer. This escalating partnership is mutually beneficial for Russia and Myanmar, as the latter can satisfy its arms needs and the former can excess a new market for its arms and weapons.
俄罗斯也在加强与其他地区国家的海军联系。这些国家也非常热情地欢迎俄罗斯海军在印度洋的存在。同一支俄罗斯舰队在过去50年中首次访问了孟加拉国吉大港。这被称为两国关系的一个巨大里程碑。孟加拉国和俄罗斯有着密切的历史联系。因与中国日益友好的关系及其独立的地区决定，美国对孟加拉国施加压力，进一步巩固了俄罗斯与孟加拉国之间的友好关系。后者还在俄罗斯的合作下建造其第一座核电站，即Rooppur发电厂。
Russia is also increasing its naval ties with other regional countries. These countries are also welcoming the Russian naval presence in the Indian Ocean with much enthusiasm. The same Russian fleet paid their first-ever visit to Chittagong Port of Bangladesh in the last 50 years. This was labeled as a huge milestone for the relationship between the two countries. Bangladesh and Russia enjoy close historical ties. The US pressure on Bangladesh due to its increasing cordiality with China and its independent regional decisions has further cemented the cordiality between Russia and Bangladesh. The latter is also building its first nuclear power plant, the Rooppur Power Plant, with the collaboration of Russia.
印度是该地区的关键参与者之一，也是俄罗斯的传统盟友。自2008年以来，两国都每两年举行一次海军演习。俄孟海军演习结束后，两国还在孟加拉湾举行海军演习，以加强两国海军合作。这两个地区大国之间的海军演习也具有重要意义。在加强海军合作的同时，这些演习被许多分析人士视为应对印度洋日益严重的威胁和确保该地区民用船只安全的关键发展。印度也欢迎俄罗斯在印度洋的存在。俄罗斯在印度洋的存在也加强了印度建立多极世界秩序的梦想。印度华盛顿威尔逊中心南亚研究所所长Michael Kugelman认为，俄罗斯在该地区的存在是一个制衡其传统敌人中国存在的机会。
India, one of the key players in the region, is also a traditional ally of Russia. Both countries have been conducting biennial naval exercises since 2008. The two countries also conducted a naval drill in the Bay of Bengal to strengthen their naval cooperation after the Russia-Bangladesh naval drills. The naval exercises between the two regional powers also hold great significance. Along with enhancing their naval cooperation, these exercises are seen as a crucial development to counter the increasing threats in the Indian Ocean and for ensuring the safety of civilian ships in the region by many analysts. India is also welcoming Russian presence in the Indian Ocean.
Russian presence in the Indian Ocean also strengthens the Indian dream of a multipolar world order. Michael Kugelman, Director of the South Asia Institute at the Wilson Center in Washington, India views Russian presence in the region as an opportunity to counterbalance the presence of its traditional enemy, China.
与该地区不同国家进行这些军事演习的时机极其重要。俄罗斯是在全世界都处于决定性时刻进行这些演习的。印度洋是中美大国竞争的关键地区。俄罗斯在该地区的存在非常突出。俄罗斯寻求通过这种存在实现其多重目标。这将有助于该国应对美国在该地区日益增加的存在。俄罗斯与全球南方，特别是南亚发展中国家的关系日益密切，这向美国及其盟友发出了一个信息，即西方不能通过单方面决定孤立俄罗斯。
The timing of these military drills with the different countries of the region holds extreme significant. Russia is conducting these exercises at a time when the whole world is at a decisive juncture. The Indian Ocean is a key region for the great power rivalry between China and the United States. Russia’s presence in the region holds a great eminence. Russia seeks to achieve its multiple goals through this presence. It will help the country to counter the rising US presence in the region. Russia’s increasing ties with the global south, especially the developing nations in South Asia, come as a message to the United States and its allies that the West cannot isolate it through its unilateral decisions.
2023年3月，俄罗斯还与中国和伊朗在印度洋东部进行了海军演习。俄罗斯试图通过这些演习将其力量投射到远离本国的地方。此外，这些演习对俄罗斯探索地区武器市场很重要，因为武器贸易是其仅次于能源贸易的主要经济工具。此外，这些军事演习将有助于承认俄罗斯是一些关键地区参与者的军事伙伴。这将加剧西方在全球范围内诋毁俄罗斯的企图。与南亚不同地区国家的军事和海军演习也将增加这些国家对俄罗斯武器的需求。南亚是武器进口快速增长的地区之一。
通过加强与南亚国家的关系，俄罗斯还将对贸易和经济中心印度洋产生更大的影响。另一方面，南亚国家也可以从俄罗斯的伙伴关系中获益匪浅。大多数区域国家寻求基础设施发展。俄罗斯可以帮助这些国家的基础设施和技术发展。金砖国家的扩员增加了俄罗斯在全球的重要性。南亚小国可以在俄罗斯的帮助下加入金砖国家。此外，面对俄罗斯，而不是正在迅速失去软形象的美国，他们将有一个更可行的可替代力量来进行长期合作。
In March 2023, Russia also conducted naval drills with China and Iran in the Eastern part of the Indian Ocean. Russia seeks to project its power far from home through these exercises. In addition, these exercises are important for Russia to explore the regional arms markets, as arms trade is its major economic tool after energy trade. Furthermore, these military exercises will help in the recognition of Russia as a military partner of some of the key regional players. This will deteriorate the Western attempts to malign Russia globally. Military and naval exercises with different regional countries of South Asia, one of the rapidly growing regions for imports of arms – will also augment the demand for Russia weapons in these countries.
The country will also have a greater influence on the trade and economic hub – the Indian Ocean, through enhancing ties with the South Asian countries. On the other hand, the South Asian nations also have much to gain from the Russian partnership. Most of the regional countries seek infrastructural development. Russia can help in the infrastructural and technological development of these countries. The expansion of BRICS has increased the significance of Russia globally. The smaller nations of South Asia can gain BRICS membership with the help of Russia. Moreover, they will have a much more viable alternate for their long-term collaboration and cooperation in the face of Russia, instead of the United States, which is rapidly losing its soft image.
23.12.2023
Author: Abbas Hashemite
Abbas Hashemite – is a political observer and research analyst for regional and global geopolitical issues. He is currently working as an independent researcher and journalist, exclusively for “New Eastern Outlook”.
Abbas Hashmite——是一位地区和全球地缘政治问题的政治观察家和研究分析师。他目前是一名独立研究员和记者，专门为“新东方展望”工作。
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