翻译 | 9０芬/ oxoxuna
校对 | yoyo, smith
非官方版本仅供参考
英译汉
Improved human well-being is the greatest triumph of modern era. The age of plenty has also led to an unexpected global health crisis: two billion people are either overweight or obese. Developed countries have been especially susceptible to unhealthy weight gain. However, developing countries are now facing a similar crisis. Obesity rates have peaked in high income countries but are accelerating elsewhere. The combined findings of the World Health Organisation and the World Bank showed that in 2016 Asia was home to half the world’s overweight children. One quarter were in Africa.
生活水平的提高是现代社会的最伟大成就之一。然而，这个时代的富足也带来了全球健康危机的爆发。据统计，目前全球有20亿人口面临超重或肥胖问题的困扰，其中发达国家的肥胖问题尤其严重，而发展中国家也开始出现肥胖问题。据世界卫生组织和世界银行调查显示，2016年，世界有一半的超重儿童分布在亚洲国家，还有四分之一分布在非洲国家。
This crisis will test the political resolve of governments that have focused on ending hunger. These governments must understand that the factors making cities convenient and productive also make their residents prone to obesity. Urbanites enjoy a variety of culinary options. International fast food chains are flourishing in developing countries. The health risks of such diets are compounded by the sedentary lifestyles of urban dwellers. People’s leisure time is also being occupied by television, movies and video games in the growing number of households.
对于曾经致力于消除饥饿的国家政府来说，这场危机将考验他们的政治决心。各国政府必须认识到，城市生活更加高效便捷，生产力不断提高，同时也使其国民更容易发胖。可供选择的烹饪方式多种多样，国际连锁快餐店在发展中国家也正蓬勃发展。城市居民经常久坐不动的生活方式更是给饮食习惯增加了健康隐患。在越来越多的家庭中，休闲时光正被电视、电影、游戏占据。
The alarming implication of these trends is that developing countries may become sick before they get rich. That sickness may, in turn, cripple health systems. The yearly health care costs in Southeast Asia of obesity-related complications like diabetes and cardiovascular disease are already as high as US $10 billion. Such diseases are an added burden on countries already struggling to manage primary health care needs.
这些问题向我们敲响了警钟，长此以往，发展中国家将未富先“病”，反过来可能会拖垮国家医疗卫生系统。在东南亚，每年花费在由肥胖引发的糖尿病和心血管等并发症的医疗支出就高达100亿美元。对于一些挣扎着维持基本医疗保障的国家来说，这样的支出无疑是雪上加霜。
Policies related to taxation, urban design, education and the promotion of food systems may help control obesity at a lower cost than eventual medical treatment for an increasingly overweight population. Some governments have already experimented with direct interventions to control obesity, such as taxation on unhealthy foods and drinks. Thailand, Brunei, and Singapore have adopted soda tax . South Africa is likely to introduce a sugar tax beginning in April 2018. The city of Berkeley in California recognises that taxes alone are not enough to address obesity. Proceeds from the city’s sugar tax are used to support child nutrition and community health programmes. This underscores the importance of education.
如果在税收、城市规划和教育引导方面推出政策控制肥胖问题，花费要比等到肥胖问题十分严重时再出手应对要低很多。泰国、文莱和新加坡等国已经开始对苏打水征税。南非也可能将于2018年4月开始征收糖税。加利福尼亚州伯克利市政府认为，单靠征税并不能真正解决肥胖问题，该市征收的糖税款项用于改善儿童营养和社区健康的计划，此举凸显了教育引导的重要性。
There is also promise in many initiatives. Urban design holds significant power to reshape lifestyle patterns and public health. Improving the attractiveness of public space can draw residents out of their cars and living rooms. A recent study of urban neighbourhoods in Shanghai and Hangzhou found that residents living in walkable neighbourhoods are healthier than residents living in less walkable neighourhoods in urban China. Finally, healthier lifestyles begin in grocery store aisles.
许多计划前景良好。城市规划在重塑居民生活方式、改善国民健康方面起着十分重要的作用。努力创造一个更加美好的公共环境，能让公民走到室外，亲近自然，并且少开车，多步行。最近，在上海和杭州开展的一项关于城市环境对居民生活的影响的调查显示，居住在步行区域更多的居民要比在较少步行区域的居民更健康。最后，健康的生活方式还需改变商店货架上的商品供应。
Governments should encourage tighter connections between agricultural production systems, urban grocers and food vendors. Such initiatives can also help urban residents better understand the mechanics of food sourcing. This raises awareness about the relationship between natural foods and healthy lifestyles. Combining controls on unhealthy foods with policies that incentivise healthy eating and active lifestyles is important for developing countries from both an economic and social point of view. To quote the recent Global Nutrition Report, “Reducing obesity will boost global development.”
各国政府应鼓励加强农业生产系统、城市杂货店、街边食品商贩的联系。此类激励政策可以帮助消费者更好地了解到食物的来源和流向，认识天然食品和健康的生活方式的关系。对不健康食品进行控制，推出政策鼓励健康饮食和积极的生活方式，对发展中国家来说不但具有重要的经济意义，也具有重要的社会意义。引用最近《全球营养公报》的一句话，解决肥胖问题有助于促进全球发展。
汉译英
煤炭是地球上储量最丰富的能源，但目前反对使用煤炭的声浪日益高涨。煤炭巨大的碳排放量引起气候变化，从而引起公众的担忧，煤炭与其他能源相比竞争力下降。
Coal is the most abundant energy resources on the planet, but currently the opposition to the use of coal is growing stronger. The immense carbon emissions from coal have caused climate change, arousing public concern. Compared with other sources of energy, coal is losing its competitive edge.
以美国为例，页岩油气的出现造成部分煤炭因价格过高而被排挤出市场。美国去年煤炭需求接近9.2亿吨，由于天然气价格下跌，今年煤炭需求将减少6000万吨到8000万吨。
Take the United States as an example. High-priced coal is crowded out of the market because of the emergence of shale gas. The coal demand in the United States was approximately 920 million tons last year. Due to the drop in natural gas prices, coal demand this year will be reduced by 60 million to 80 million tons.
数据显示，煤炭满足了全球约30%的能源需求，供应了40%的电力。在人口第一和第二大国的中国和印度，煤炭所满足的能源需求比例高达70%左右。
Statistics show that coal meets about 30% of global energy demand and generates 40% of electricity. In China and India, the two countries with the largest and second largest population, coal meets about 70% of energy demand.
中国的煤炭消费量在去年已经下降，煤炭进口下滑了11%，这是10年来的首次下降。中国的经济增速已经放缓，同时也做出极大努力减少煤炭的使用以减少污染。由于燃煤发电厂没有满负荷运行，再加上煤炭供应充足，造成国际煤炭价格压低。煤出口价格从去年的峰值下跌了约60%。
China’s coal consumption fell last year, with coal imports reduced by 11%, which is the first decline in 10 years. China’s economic growth has slowed down. At the same time, the country has been making great efforts to cut coal consumption to reduce pollution. As coal-fired power plants have not operated at full capacity, coupled with sufficient coal supply, international coal prices are depressed, with coal export prices down by about 60% from the peaks of last year.
限 时 特 惠： 本站每日持续更新海量各大内部创业教程，一年会员只需98元，全站资源免费下载 点击查看详情
站 长 微 信： lzxmw777
