“There has been no change in the United States’ position on the Paris agreement. As the President has made abundantly clear, the United States is withdrawing unless we can re-enter on terms that are more favorable to our country.”

“美国没有改变有关退出《巴黎协定》的立场。此前总统已经阐明立场,美国将退出《巴黎协定》,只有当条款对我们国家更有利时,我们才会重新加入。”

所以,究竟是退还是不退?

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话说回来,这个让美国纠结来纠结去的《巴黎气候协议》究竟是个啥?美国为什么要退出?

The Paris Climate Accord

The Paris climate accord, Paris Agreement or Paris climate agreement, is an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance starting in the year 2020. The language of the agreement was negotiated by representatives of 196 parties at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC in Paris and adopted by consensus on 12 December 2015. 194 UNFCCC members have signed the agreement.

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《巴黎协定》是2015年12月12日在巴黎气候变化大会上通过、2016年4月22日在纽约签署的气候变化协定。《巴黎协定》为2020年后全球应对气候变化行动作出安排。一些国家领导人和国际机构高官发表讲话或声明,对这一协定的诞生表示欢迎。

In the Paris Agreement, each country determines, plans and regularly reports its own contribution it should make in order to mitigate global warming. There is no mechanism to force a country to set a specific target by a specific date, but each target should go beyond previously set targets.

巴黎协定规定,每个国家自主计划、决定和规范其为了改善全球变暖和气候变化应作出哪些改变。其中,并没有强制性机制规定每个国家必须在哪个时间之前完成怎样的减排量,但每一个新的减排目标必须比前一个目标数量更大。

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图片来自财新

当时,时任美国国务卿的克里抱着孙女签订《巴黎协议》的照片还一度萌翻网络……

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然而在今年6月1日,特朗普称:“《巴黎协定》并未减少煤炭产业的工作机会,而是将这些工作机会迁出美国本土,将它们拱手让给他国。与其说这是一项气候协议,不如说它更像是一项让其他国家在经济上占美国便宜的协议。”

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刚刚经历了多起破坏性风灾的美国对环境问题格外敏感。许多专家和学者称,美国环境变差、风灾增多,与全球变暖就极大的联系。

另外,美国的退出可能会造成全球温度在本世纪末上升0.3℃。

In a worst-case scenario, the US withdrawal could add 0.3℃ to global temperatures by the end of the century, the UN World Meteorological Organisation said.

《巴黎气候协定》是目前国际气候合作中对各方均较为公平的条约,美国的突然退出,不仅让民众难以理解,国际社会也纷纷对此表示不支持。

首先,欧洲国家代表团纷纷表示谴责。

欧洲理事会主席Donald Tusk表示,特朗普宣布退出是“一个大错误”,就算没有美国,《巴黎气候协定》也会继续实施下去的。

Donald Tusk, the president of the European council, described Trump’s withdrawal from the Paris pact as a big mistake, but said the fight against climate change would continue with or without the US.

法国总统马克龙也称特朗普的这一举动是一个“错误”。

“I do respect this decision but I do think it is an actual mistake both for the U.S. and for our planet.”

我尊重他的决定,但我确实认为这个决定无论美国还是我们的地球来说,都是一个实实在在的错误。

他还呼吁美国的科学家、工程师、企业家以及对这个决定感到失望的人,与法国共同合作,找寻气候问题、环境问题的解决方法。

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他说:

“To all scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs, responsible citizens who were disappointed by the decision of the United States, I want to say that they will find in France a second homeland. I call on them: Come and work here with us — to work together on concrete solutions for our climate, our environment. I can assure you, France will not give up the fight.”

对于那些对美国的决定感到失望的科学家、工程师、企业家和充满责任心的公民们,我想说,法国会是他们的第二故乡。我呼吁他们,到这儿来与我们合作,让我们共同努力为气候环境找到明确的解决方法。我向你们保证,法国不会放弃奋斗。

这样才能“让我们的星球再次伟大”(“Make Our Planet Great Again”)。

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德国总理默克尔同样表示这个决定十分“令人遗憾”,并会减缓协定的实施效用(extremely regrettable and that’s putting it very mildly)。

默克尔还表示,德国并不会因此而停止为全球气候做出努力。

Merkel, speaking at a press conference in Berlin, said Germany would not sway from the goals set out in the Paris agreement. “Nothing can or will stop us,” she said. “The road – there’s no doubt about it – is stony, but I am also convinced of the fact we cannot retrace our steps.”

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印度也对此表示不满。印度能源部长表示,“在有些国家放弃自己的气候领导权的时候,印度决定承担起拯救地球气候的重任。”

India, despite facing the challenge of meeting the energy needs of millions of people who do not have electricity, firmly stood by the Paris agreement. The energy minister, Piyush Goyal, said: “India’s resolve to take up the leadership of saving the planet from climate change while others abrogate their leadership.”

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此外,美国前总统比尔·克林顿、Facebook CEO扎克伯格也对美国退出《巴黎气候协定》表示了担忧:

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环境保护是一个永恒的议题,需要国际社会的共同努力,在环境保护方面,我国也做出了相应的贡献。

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2016年9月3日,中国加入《巴黎气候变化协定》。

作为全球第二大经济体和最大温室气体排放国,中国为巴黎大会的成功作出了重要贡献。在整个巴黎会议期间,中国代表团本着负责任和建设性态度参与谈判,与主要国家保持密切协商,寻找可能被各方接受的方案,在南北方国家之间扮演了不可或缺的协调作用,促进了不同集团阵营的互信与共识。

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巴黎协议达成后,各国专家纷纷为中国点赞,“中国在近年的气候谈判中发挥了极为重要作用,扮演了积极推动谈判进程的关键角色。”

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