近期在和一些转行到软件领域的朋友聊天，发现大部分人对一些这个领域的专业词汇理解不是太准确，在沟通上造成了一定的歧义和困惑，当然有些工程师工作多年也还不清楚他们的具体含义 ，出于这个目的，本期内容罗列了一些非常重要的概念，希望对大家有所帮助，由于这些词汇基本是以英语为母语的人们发明的，从英文到中文存在着中文词汇语义匹配问题，用中文描述可能无法表达概念本身的原汁原味，所以这里尽量用英文来表达原始意思。
ISA
The instruction set architecture (ISA) is the complete specification of the interface between programs that have been written and the underlying computer hardware that must carry out the work of those programs. The ISA specifies the set of instructions the computer can carry out, that is, what operations the computer can perform and what data is needed by each operation.
The most common example is the x86, introduced by Intel Corporation in 1979 and currently also manufactured by AMD and other companies. Other ISAs are the Power PC (IBM and Motorola), PA-RISC (Hewlett Packard), ARM(ARM),MIPS(MIPS) and SPARC (Sun Microsystems).
Operand
The term operand is used to describe individual data values.
Data Type
The ISA(instruction set architecture) specifies the acceptable representations for operands. They are called data types.A data type is a legitimate representation for an operand such that the computer can perform operations on that representation.
Addressing modes
The ISA(instruction set architecture) specifies the mechanisms that the computer can use to figure out where the operands are located. These mechanisms are called addressing modes.
Compiler
The translation from a high-level language (such as C) to the ISA of the computer on which the program will execute (such as x86) is usually done by a translating program called a compiler.To translate from a program written in C to the x86 ISA, one would need an x86 C compiler. For each high-level language and each desired target computer, one must provide a corresponding compiler.
Assembler
The translation from the unique assembly language of a computer to its ISA is done by an assembler.
Okay，感谢你的阅读，希望这些最基础的概念不要在困扰你了，由于类似词汇太多，由于时间所限，后续尽量实时更新吧。你的关注和阅读将会成为原创的动力。Please，Stay tuned.
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