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昨天在高铁上网络不便，没有及时发布文章，抱歉让大家久等了。最近我临近毕业，琐事缠身，如果偶尔没有按时更新还请大家谅解❤️
上周文章发布后有同学在后台问我：最近没有更新考研真题精读了吗？其实周日更新的文章大多都是考研英语一真题原文，我会把这类文章归到考研英语真题精读专栏里，如下图的菜单栏：
到今天这篇文章为止，我们已经精讲完2010年的四篇阅读真题啦。像里说的那样，我会一直免费更新下去，为所有现在或者未来要考研的同学保驾护航，帮助大家提高阅读和写作能力的同时在考试中拿下高分。原本的外刊精读专栏我们也会陆陆续续更新，大家敬请期待
言归正传，上周我们讲解了Banks and accounting standards的第一、二段，今天我们接着来分析第三到六段。
外刊原文
Banks and accounting standards
Messenger, shot
After abruisingencounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes.These gave banks more freedom to use models to valueilliquidassets and moreflexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out againstthose who “question our motives.” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby grouppolitely calls “the use of judgment by management.”
European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise.The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to foldwhen it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did ”not live in a politicalvacuum” but “in the real word” and the Europecould yetdevelop different rules.
It was banks that were on the wrong planet,with accounts that vastlyovervaluedassets. Today they argue that market prices overstatelosses, because they largely reflect the temporaryilliquidityof markets, not the likelyextentof bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors areskeptical. Anddead marketspartly reflect the paralysisof banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all thosesupposed bargains.
To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with.America’s new plan tobuy uptoxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive.Successful markets require independent and evencombativestandard-setters.The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock optionsandpensions, for example, againsthostilityfrom special interests.But bygiving in to criticsnow they areinviting pressure to make more concessions.
精读讲解
Banks and accounting standards
Messenger, shot
文：灰灰 Lexie
第一段作者引入话题：银行抱怨会计规则不公平。第二段作者指出目前银行的抱怨开始起作用，导致会计制定者的独立性被削弱。接下来的三、四段作者分别以FASB和IASB为例，详细论述会计制定者独立性被削弱这一结果。
①After abruisingencounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes.②These gave banks more freedom to use models to valueilliquidassets and moreflexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. ③Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out againstthose who “question our motives.” ⑦Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby grouppolitely calls “the use of judgment by management.”
在与国会的一场激烈交锋之后，美国财务会计准则委员会 (FASB)匆匆通过了规则修改。这些修改使得银行在使用模型评估非流动资产时拥有更大的自由，也让它们在确认收益表中长期资产损失时更为灵活。FASB主席 Bob Herz 对那些“怀疑我们的动机”的人表示强烈的不满。然而，银行股票上涨了，这些修改也令被一个游说团体客气地称为“管理层判断力的运用”的现象更为凸显。
①European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise.②The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to foldwhen it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. ③Charlie McCreevy, a Europeancommissioner, warned the IASB that it did ”not live in a politicalvacuum” but” in the real word” and the Europecould yetdevelop different rules.
欧洲的部长们立刻要求国际会计准则委员会(IASB)也这么做。IASB 表示没有完整计划不想就冒然行动。但其在今年下半年完成规则修订时，承受的压力十分巨大。欧洲委员会委员Charlie McCreevy 警告IASB 说：它不是“处在政治真空中”而是“在现实世界里”，并表示欧洲最终可能会发展出不同的会计规则。
①It was banks that were on the wrong planet,with accounts that vastlyovervaluedassets. ②Today they argue that market pricesoverstatelosses, because they largely reflect the temporaryilliquidityof markets, not the likelyextentof bad debts. ③The truth will not be known for years. ④But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors areskeptical. ⑤Anddead marketspartly reflect theparalysisof banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant tobuy all thosesupposedbargains.
正是这些银行不切实际，它们的账目上资产评估过高。现在，银行辩称，市场价格高估了损失，因其主要反映了市场暂时的流动性不足，而非坏账的可能程度。真相多年后方能得知。但是，银行股票以低于账面价值的价格交易，这一点反映出投资者的怀疑态度。市场的萧条一定程度上反应出银行的瘫痪。银行由于害怕将损失计入账目而不愿出售资产，也不愿收购那些所谓的廉价资产。
①To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with.②America’s new plan tobuy uptoxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive.③Successful markets require independent and evencombativestandard-setters.④The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock optionsandpensions, for example, againsthostilityfrom special interests.⑤But bygiving in to criticsnow they areinviting pressure to make more concessions.
为了让银行系统重新运转起来，必须确认和处理亏损。除非银行将资产定价在买家觉得有吸引力的水平上，否则美国收购不良资产的新计划不会起作用。成熟的市场需要独立的甚至是好斗的准则制定者。FASB和 IASB 以往如此，例如，不顾特殊利益群体的强烈反对，整顿股票期权和退休金的相关规则。但是，现在他们向批评者妥协，由此将招致做出更多让步的压力。
(The End)
最后，我们再来看标题Messenger, shot，这是什么意思呢？这一标题其实来源于一个习语shoot the messenger。messenger与我们熟悉的message(信息)同源，指“报信人”，shoot the messenger 毙了报信人，意思是拿报告消息的人出气，而不是处理真正的肇事者。本文的作者便化用了这一的短语，写作Messenger, shot 报信人被毙了，暗指真正存在问题的是银行(banks)，但反映企业财务状况的会计准则(accounting standards)却被迫修改了，流露出作者对会计准则制定者的同情。
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