让我们还是先为这不到300字的的阅读而努力吧
这篇讲的是CHACO豪宅区，
有一本专门介绍的书籍
那么这就提出了一个新的学习内容，就是背景内容的学习。托福考题范围广泛，科学，生物，考古，环境，医学…不一而足。涉及到的内容不仅词汇量大，而且题材范围广。我们之前讲解的内容中，已经设计到，古老的画家画作（伦勃朗），古老动物（恐龙，恒温）还有商业方面的内容。接下来我们会面临更多题材考题，所以留学荟老师一贯建议学生多读各类题材的内容。比如，伦勃朗的画作那篇，知道这位知名画家会让我们非常解读课文，尤其是在听力方面，有备无患。
As early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their “great houses,” massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.
早在二十世纪，美国西南新墨西哥地区的Chaco谷就因起大片屋群而引起注意，那大屋群由大量的石头建筑链接出数百房间，通常由3-4层高。考古学家一直在探究那些屋子是何用途的。一直到现在为止，还没有比较认同的解释，但是有三个比较主要的理论。
One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known “apartment buildings” at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries.
一种理论说明Chaco结构完全是居住型得，每所大屋容纳数百人。支持者认为，这个理论诠释了视Chaco大屋群为西南社会群体建筑的早期版本。特别地，Chaco屋群看起来跟知名的新墨西哥城很多人居住了几个世纪的”组屋“差不多大小。
A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were used to store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose.
第二个理论认为，Chaco结构是被用来储存食物供应的。Chaco人们当时主要的食物之一是玉米粒，那些是可以保存很长时间而补被破坏以用作长时间的食物供应。那些玉米的供应必须被在某个地方保持一段时间，而Chaco大屋群的很合适来做此用途的。
A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.
第三种理论是，屋群被用作仪式中心。靠近叫Pueble Alto的屋子考古学家发现大量的老旧物质堆。挖掘这些物质堆后揭示了大量的破碎储罐。这一发现被解读为人们再Pueblo Alto是做特别仪式活动的。再那些庆典仪式中，他们吃着节日餐并把储罐扔在准备用餐的地方了。那些仪式本其他美洲本土文化所记载。
这篇阅读的特点是罗列并阐述了三种理论，而不是通常的一种观点用三个方面来支持。所以内容更加宽泛。作者采用一个逻辑点或者显著证据来支持一种理论，结构相对比较松散，也比较容易被置疑。
从写作学习方面，可以尝试想想如何驳斥这样的结构，相对来说，这篇的驳论会好写一些，因为可以对应的内容和角度相对会宽广一些。
综合写作的听力来说，这类题目，对于地名人名特殊名不要过于纠结，记住是指某场地，某建筑就好，以切实区分所指内容。
留学荟的老师一直建议，加大阅读，同时把所有练习学到的知识点当作背景，那么未来托福所出现的考试内容，无论地理类的、人类学的、生物类的，至少都是在认知背景的前提夏进行的，不会太无的放矢。
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