The rise of 3D-printed houses
3D打印房屋的兴起
荷兰3D打印的房子
A batch of new houses across California is selling unusually fast.In the past two months, 82 have been snapped up, and the waiting list is 1, 000 long.That demand should, though, soon be satisfied—for Palari Homes and Mighty Buildings, the collaborators behind these houses, are able to erect one in less than 24 hours.
加利福尼亚州的一批新房正以前所未有的速度出售。在过去的两个月里，82套房源被抢购一空，等候名单长达1000人。不过，这种需求应该很快就会得到满足——因为这些房屋背后的合作公司Palari Homes和Mighty Buildings，可以在24小时内就建好一座房子。
They can do it so rapidly because their products are assembled from components prefabricated in a factory.The components involved are made in an unusual way: they are printed.
他们能够以如此之快的速度建造房屋是因为，他们的产品是由工厂预制构件组装起来的。打造这些构件的方式很不同寻常：它们是打印出来的。
3D打印混凝土
Not only does 3D-printing allow greater versatility and faster construction, it also promises lower cost and in a more environmentally friendly approach than is possible at present.
3D打印不仅使得建筑多样性增加，建造速度加快，还使得成本比目前更低，环境友好方面也比当前做得更好。
可回收、零浪费的3D打印建筑
There are limitations to 3D-printed homes.For a start, construction codes need to be tweaked to accommodate them.To this end UL, one of America's largest certifying agencies, has collaborated with Mighty Buildings to develop the first 3D-printing standard.
不过，3D打印的房屋也有各种局限性。首先，为了适应3D打印房屋这一变化，施工规范需要进行改进。为此，美国最大的认证机构之一UL与Mighty Buildings合作开发了首版3D打印标准。
UL
While this is a welcome boost to a fledgling industry, most governments have yet to come up with country-specific standards.There are also questions about the quality and finish of homes built by 3D printers.
虽然这对一个羽翼未丰的行业而言是一项可喜的进步，但多数政府尚未出台具体的国家标准。对于3D打印房屋的质量和装修问题，人们也存在诸多疑虑。
Even so, the direction of travel looks promising.Dubai's government wants a quarter of new buildings in the country to be 3D-printed by 2030.And India's Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs wants to use 3D printing to address the country's housing shortages.
尽管如此，3D打印行业的发展趋势看起来仍然很乐观。迪拜政府希望，到2030年，国内四分之一的新建筑都能是3D打印的。印度住房和城市事务部则想用3D打印技术来解决印度的住房短缺问题。
全球首栋迪拜3D打印办公楼
If successful, building by 3D printing is likely to spread beyond housing.Opportunities also exist in warehousing, offices and other commercial buildings.And beyond earthly structures, NASA is exploring the use of 3D printing to build landing pads, accommodation and roads on Mars and the Moon.
如果能取得成功，3D打印建筑可能会扩展到住房以外的领域。仓库、办公室和其他商业建筑中也存在着3D打印的机会。除了地球上的建筑之外，美国宇航局还在探索3D打印技术的应用，试图在火星和月球上建造起降场、住房和道路。
美国宇航局NASA
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