【编者按】
春节前，本公号编辑推出了《公共行政评论》2019年第6期探讨“公共组织行为”(POB)主题的专栏“新时代干部管理与中国之治”系列，共6篇文章（见“前沿论著”栏目）；我们认为，POB是BPA的应有之义，是组织行为(OB)研究在公共管理领域的延伸和拓展。然而，POB的研究绝非传统商业OB范式的简单迁移和模仿。只有找到真正重要且具有自身特色的研究议题，才能使POB在趋于成熟的OB理论丛林中走出自己的路，解决公共管理者关心的OB问题。这一观点，与公共管理学旗舰期刊Public Administration Review(PAR)官网最新上线的论文《公共部门的组织公民行为：一个系统的文献评述和未来研究议程》不谋而合。所谓“组织公民行为”(OCB)，根据提出者Organ (1988)的经典界定，是指“组织成员自愿做出的行为，这些行为尚未得到正式的报酬系统直接而明确的认可，但从总体上有助于提高组织的效能”。通俗的说，OCB就是组织内部的学雷锋做好事。仅从名称中即可看出，OCB是一种重要的OB。
“前沿论著”本期推出对该文核心内容的译介。作为一篇文献综述，其致力于回答以下四个研究问题：公共部门的OCB，1)如何概念化？2)有哪些前因变量？3)有哪些结果变量？4)有哪些中介和调节变量？该文通过系统评述和元分析相结合的PRISMA法，从1988年-2016年间所发表的相关2554篇英文文献中，遴选出符合作者标准的129篇文章进行分析。值得一提的是，这129个研究若按国别进行统计，前三名依次是美国(29篇)、以色列(14篇)和中国(11篇)。如果再算上来自中国台湾的5篇，则中国公共部门OCB研究的发表量仅次于美国(见原文表3)。我们特意将这16篇文章罗列在后，供CBPAers学习和借鉴。
CBPA
Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Public Sector: A SystematicLiterature Review and Future Research Agenda
公共部门的组织公民行为：一个系统的
文献评述和未来研究议程
Christa J. C. de Geus (Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)
Alex Ingrams (Leiden University)
Lars Tummers (Utrecht University)
Sanjay K. Pandey (George Washington University)
摘要：本文对公共部门的组织公民行为（OCB）进行了系统的文献综述。结果表明，尽管OCB在公共部门受到越来越多的关注，但研究通常没有考虑到特定的公共部门的特征或概念。基于现有证据，作者建立了一个有关OCB前因、结果、中介和调节变量的框架。并建议未来在三个方面展开研究：(1)关于理论：将OCB与公共部门的概念联系起来，例如官僚主义的繁文缛节，公共领导和公共服务动机；(2) 关于研究设计：使用更强大的调查设计，增加实验和案例研究，并更多地关注跨部门和跨国差异；(3) 关于OCB的结果：解决我们在OCB如何对公共组织产生影响（包括负面影响）方面的知识差距。
Abstract: This article presents a systematic literature review of organizationalcitizenship behavior (OCB) in the public sector. The findings show that although OCB is gaining more attention in the public sector, research often does not take specific public sector characteristics or concepts into account. Based on the available evidence, the authors develop a framework of antecedents, outcomes, mediators, and moderators of OCB. Three areas for future research are recommended: (1) regarding theory: link OCB to public sector concepts such as bureaucratic red tape, public leadership, and public service motivation; (2) regarding research designs: use stronger survey designs, experiments, and case studies and devote more attention to cross‐sectoral and cross‐country differences; and (3) regarding the consequences of OCB: address the gap in our knowledge of how OCB has an impact on public organizations, including negative impacts.
实践启示：
•公共管理者可以利用组织公民行为（OCB）的知识来阻止工作场所的消极行为，增强积极行为。例如，从业者可实现较低的离职率，较低的缺勤率和较高的工作信任。
•公共管理者应专注于为OCB营造积极的环境。本研究表明，员工特征（例如工作满意度）和组织特征（例如组织公正）是提高公共部门OCB的重要杠杆。
•公共管理者还可以通过关注信任，组织认同和心理授权来学习如何增加OCB。
Evidence for Practice
·Public managers can use knowledge of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) to stem negative behaviors and enhance positive workplace behaviors. For example, practitioners can influence lower turnover rates, lower rates of absence, and higher workplace trust.
·Public managers should focus on cultivating positive environments for OCB. This research suggests that employee characteristics such as job satisfaction and organizational characteristics such as organizational justice are important levers for increasing OCB in the public sector.
·Public managers can also learn how OCB can be increased by focusing on trust, organizational identification, and psychological empowerment.
图3 基于OCB研究的公共部门概念图
(图中所显示的变量是统计中排名靠前的，全部四类变量可见原文的表8-表11。编者注)
本文所涉及的中国场景下公共部门的OCB研究（后5篇来自中国台湾）：
Chen, Chin-Yi, and Chun- I. Li. 2013. Assessing the Spiritual Leadership Effectiveness: The Contribution of Follower‘s Self-Concept and Preliminary Tests for Moderation of Culture and Managerial Position. The Leadership Quarterly 24(1): 240–255.
Gan, Yiqun, and Fanny M. Cheung. 2010. From Proactive Personality to Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Mediating Role of Harmony. Psychological Reports 106(3): 755–765.
Jiang, Chunping, Dengfeng Wang, and Fan Zhou. 2009. Personality Traits and Job Performance in Local Government Organizations in China. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal 37(4): 451–457.
Liu, Bangcheng, and James L. Perry. 2016. The Psychological Mechanisms of Public Service Motivation: A Two-Wave Examination. Review of Public Personnel Administration 36(1): 4–30.
Liu, Cong, Ying Liu, Maura J. Mills, and Jinyan Fan. 2013. Job Stressors, Job Performance, Job Dedication, and the Moderating Effect of Conscientiousness: A Mixed-Method Approach. International Journal of Stress Management 20(4): 336.
Liu, Ying, and Aaron Cohen. 2010. Values, Commitment, and OCB among Chinese Employees.International Journal of Intercultural Relations 34(5): 493–506.
Luo, Zheng-Xue, Kan Shi, Wen-Dong Li, and Dan-Min Miao. 2008. Construct of Job Performance: Evidence from Chinese Military Soldiers. Asian Journal of Social Psychology 11(3): 222–231.
Peng, Jianping, and Jing Quan. 2012. Characteristics of Social Networks and Employee Behavior and Performance a Chinese Case Study of a State-Owned Enterprise.Information Resources Management Journal (IRMJ) 25(4): 26–45.
Shen, Jie, John Benson, and Binhua Huang. 2014. High-Performance Work Systems and Teachers’ Work Performance: The Mediating Role of Quality of Working Life. Human Resource Management 53(5): 817–833.
Tang, Thomas Li-Ping, and Pamela Rae Gilbert. 1994. Organization-Based Self-Esteem among Mental Health Workers: A Replication and Extension.Public Personnel Management 23(1): 127–134.
Wang, Ting, and Huaibin Jiang. 2015. The Mediating Effects of Organizational and Supervisor Identification for Interactional Justice: The Case of Sichuan Civil Servants in China. Public Personnel Management 44(4): 523–542.
Chen, Chun-hsi Vivian, and Rui Hsin Kao. 2012. Work Values and Service-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: The Mediation of Psychological Contract and Professional Commitment: A Case of Students in Taiwan Police College. Social Indicators Research 107(1): 149–169.
Chen, Yu-Fen. 2009. Job Stress and Performance: A Study of Police Officers in Central Taiwan. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal37(1): 1341–1356.
Chu, Cheng-I, Ming-Shinn Lee, and Hsiang-Ming Hsu. 2006. The Impact of Social Support and Job Stress on Public Health Nurses‘ Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in Rural Taiwan. Public Health Nursing23(6): 496–505.
Horng, Ching, and Fenghueih Huarng. 2002. TQM Adoption by Hospitals in Taiwan. Total Quality Management 13(4): 441–463.
Hsiung, Hsin-Hua, Chia-Wu Lin, and Chi-Sheng Lin. 2012. Nourishing or Suppressing? The Contradictory Influences of Perception of Organizational Politics on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 85(2): 258–276.
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