下半年,四六级、考研、专四专八、雅思托福等各类大型考试临近,我带着「求求你别再用」系列回归啦,助同学们的考场作文一臂之力!
我们在作文里写「解决措施」这一部分时,经常需要表达「处理、解决」某一问题,比如解决环境问题、解决教育问题、解决性别不平等问题等等。
很多同学脑子里能蹦出来就deal with sth这个词儿,除了deal with sth,还有哪些地道的表达方式呢? 我从外刊中精选了7个地道又实用的表达,同学们拿出小本本,做好笔记。
01
cope with sth
我们先来讲一个大家比较熟悉的词:cope with sth
指「成功地对付,处理某事」(to deal successfully with sth difficult)。
从英文解释我们便可以看出 cope with sth 和 deal with sth 的区别:
cope with sth强调「成功处理」。
deal with sth仅表示「办理、处理」,不一定就是「办好了」、「处理掉了」。
我们来看一些外刊里的例句,体会一下cope with sth的用法。
《经济学人》一篇关于世界经济的文章有这样一句话:
Governments are also handing out money to help poorer people cope with roaring energy prices.
各国政府也在发放资金帮助穷人应对能源价格飙升。
roar 作动词,本来是「咆哮」的意思,这里用于形容能源价格的飙升。
再比如《经济学人》一篇关于人口老龄化的文章有这样一句话:
One way tocope witha shrinking population is to get the most out of people.
应对人口减少的一种方法是充分利用人们的潜力。
再比如《华尔街日报》一篇关于上海封城的文章曾这样描述人们的状态:
Amelie Hu, a 44-year-old in-house lawyer at an American company in Shanghai who has been under orders to stay home since March 10, said she has been devouring sweets tocope withanxiety and depression, made worse by reading about other residents who couldn’t get prompt medical care due to the lockdown.
44岁的Amelie Hu是上海一家美国企业的法务,自3月10日以来她一直被封控在家。她说,她一直在吃甜食,以应对焦虑和抑郁,而当她看到有一些居民因封控而无法及时得到医疗服务的消息后,自己的焦虑和抑郁情绪更加严重了。
02
grapplewith sth
grapple with sth是外刊特别喜欢用的一个词,grapple with sth 本来是「与…扭打,揪斗,搏斗」的意思(to take a firm hold of sb / sth and struggle with them) 。
与某个问题或困难搏斗,也就是「努力设法解决某困难或问题」(to try hard to find a solution to a problem)。
比如:政府正在努力解决失业问题。
The Governmentis dealing withunemployment.
The governmentis grapplingwithunemployment.
我们再来看一些外刊例句。
《经济学人》一篇关于延迟退休年龄的文章有这样一句话:
Grappling withChina’s demographic woes will involve many tough reforms.中国要应对人口困境,将涉及许多艰难的改革。
顺便补充一下:woes作复数名词指「困难,难题」(the problems and troubles affecting someone), 可替换 problems。
比如:economic problems economic woes 经济问题,经济困境。
这里demographic woes 便指「人口困境」。在人口老龄化的作文里可以与an aging population 同义替换。
也用到了这个词:
This time, he will be grappling witha knotty problem of keen interest to governments around the world—how to regulate speech online.
这一次,他将努力解决全世界政府都在殷切关注的棘手问题——如何监管网络言论。
《纽约时报》一篇关于新冠病毒的文章也用到了这个词:
《纽约时报》去年一篇关于新冠疫苗的文章也用到了这个词:
While the richest countries in the world are grappling with shortages of Covid-19 vaccines, some of the poorest worry about getting vaccines at all.
世上最富裕的几个国家正在竭力应对新冠疫苗短缺的问题,与此同时,一些穷国则担心自己根本得不到疫苗。
我们联系今年夏天的极端高温造个句:
Chinese people had to grapple with historically hightemperatures as a heatwave covered large swaths of the country this summer.
03
wrestlewith sth
wrestle本来是「摔跤,扭打」的意思。「摔跤」这项运动就叫作wrestling
wrestle with sth与某个问题扭打,引申为「奋力对付,努力处理,全力解决…」之义,英文解释为:to try to understand or find a solution to a difficult problem,和grapple with sth基本可以互换。
我们来看一些外刊例句。
我在《华尔街日报》一篇关于美国能源危机的文章里就碰到了这个词:
Americais wrestling withthe worst energy crisis in nearly five decades, a period of high prices and limited supply.
美国正在努力应对近50年来最严重的能源危机,这期间能源价格高企,供应受限。
再比如《经济学人》一篇关于通用电气公司的文章有这样一句话:
The intensity of the criticism from analysts might seem unfair. Mr Flannery has, after all, only just begun towrestle with the problemshe has inherited.
分析师们的炮轰看似不太公平。弗兰纳里毕竟只是刚刚着手解决前任留下的问题。
《华尔街日报》一篇关于英国经济的文章也用到了这个词:
The Bank of England is wrestling with the same dilemma as it raises rates to combat inflation, thus pouring cold water on an economy that is already slowing because of higher energy prices.
英国央行也面临着同样的两难境地,该行正通过加息来抗击通胀,而这又给早已因能源价格上涨而放缓的经济泼上冷水。
非常形象的一个表达。通过上面的例句,我们可以发现grapple with sth / wrestle with sth都常以进行时出现:be grappling / wrestling with sth,表示「正在努力应对某事」,大家在写作时注意模仿学习。
04
contendwith sth
contend本来是「竞争」的意思,contend withsth与某个问题竞争,表示「必须处理某事,不得不应付某事」(to have to dealwith something difficult or unpleasant)。
美剧《爆炸新闻》里就用到过这个词:
I’ve been contendingwith the misogynistic world of journalism for 15 years.
再比如《经济学人》一篇关于奥密克戎的文章这样写道:
Now the economymust also contend withthe Omicron variant.
现在,中国经济还必须与奥密克戎毒株角力。
再比如《纽约时报》一篇关于美国华人的文章有这样一句话:
As the coronavirus upends American life, Chinese-Americans face a double threat. Not only are theygrapplinglike everyone elsewithhow to avoid the virus itself, theyare also contending withgrowing racism in the form of verbal and physical attacks.
随着新冠病毒搅乱了美国人的生活,美国华人面临着双重危险。他们不仅要像其他人一样竭力躲开病毒,还要应对日渐增长的语言及身体形式的种族主义攻击。
这句话里作者需要两次表达「努力解决」这个意思,用了grapple with sth 和contend with sth进行同义替换。
05
come /get to grips with sth
grip 本义是「紧握,抓住」,后来引申为「理解,了解」,短语 get / come 的to grips with sth 指「开始了解并着手处理难事」(to begin to understand and deal with sth difficult),后面常跟新科技,或者非常困难的问题。
比如《经济学人》一篇延缓衰老的文章提到:
Scienceis getting to grips withways to slow ageing. Rejoice, as long as the side-effects can be managed.
科学界正逐渐掌握延缓衰老的方法。这值得庆祝,只要副作用可控。
再比如《经济学人》一篇关于日本经济的文章有这样一句话:
What is needed is not simply growth, but growth fast enough to allow Japan to come to grips with its massive public debt.
所需的并不仅仅是增长,而是足够快的增长以让日本解决其庞大的公共债务问题。
《经济学人》一篇关于语音识别的文章也用到了这个词:
06
tacklesth
tackle为动词,指「应付,处理,解决」(to make a determined effort to deal with a difficult problem or situation)。
我们在这篇文章也学过这个词:
再比如《经济学人》一篇关于种族歧视的文章有这样一句话:
Tackling enduringinjustices requires clear thinking about their causes.
要想解决由来已久的不公正问题,首先要清楚地认识到引发不公正的原因。
Tackling sth requires sth.这个句型大家背下来,可用于引出解决办法。
拿「校园暴力」举个例子:
Tackling school bullying requires careful and sensitive handling in order not to aggravate the problem.
解决校园暴力问题需要小心谨慎的处理,以避免使问题恶化。
再比如,《经济学人》一篇关于环境保护的文章里有这样一句话:
Environmental groups said the plan was half-baked and would do little to tackle emissions of greenhouse gases.
环保组织称该计划考虑不周,对解决温室气体排放贡献不大。
我们再联系「人口老龄化」话题造个句:
Governments should take a wide variety of measures to tackle ageing populations, ranging from accepting immigrants to raising the retirement age.
政府应采取一系列的措施解决人口老龄化问题,包括接受移民、延长退休年龄等。
07
addresssth
address这里可不是「地址」的意思,而是作动词,指「设法解决,处理,对付」(to think about a problem or a situation and decidehow you are going to deal with it)。
比如考研英语二 2014年 Text 4 里有这样一句话:
It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps toaddressour urgent housing need.
政府需要将历史偏见搁置一边,并采取一些措施来解决我们迫切的住房需求。
再比如《经济学人》一篇关于3D打印的文章有这样一句话:
And India’s Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs wants to use 3D printing to address the country’s housing shortages.
而印度住房和城市事务部希望利用3D打印解决本国的住房短缺问题。
再带大家回顾一个我们讲过的万能句型:
To address this problem successfully, the top priority is to do sth.
要想成功解决该问题,当务之急是做某事。
比如谈到「环境污染」,我们可以说 :
To address this problem successfully, the top priority is to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection.
08
敲黑板
最后,汇总一下我们这篇文章学到的可以替换deal with sth的表达:
地道短语
cope with sth
grapple with sth
wrestle with sth
come/ get to grips with sth
tackle sth
address sth
实用句型
Tackling sth requires sth.
Governments should take a wide variety of measures to tackle sth, ranging from … to …
To address this problem successfully, the top priority is to do sth.
限 时 特 惠: 本站每日持续更新海量各大内部创业教程,一年会员只需98元,全站资源免费下载 点击查看详情
站 长 微 信: lzxmw777