同学们在学习今天的新内容之前,我们先对昨天的内容进行简单的测试吧,看大家还记得多少 ~
· journal
·contribute to
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· journal/ ˈdʒə:nl / n.报纸,刊物,杂志
·contribute to造成,导致
·irreproducibility/ i’riprə,dju:sə’biləti / n.非再生性,不可复制性
掌握单词 | 语法结构 | 翻译练习
Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.” (Text 3. 2015. 英一)
·impel / imˈpel / v.促使;驱策;迫使
·board / bɔ:d / n.(公司或其他机构的)董事会,委员会,理事会
·motivate / ˈməutiveit / v.成为…的动机;是…的原因;激励
·drive / draiv / n.驱动;推动;迫使
·reproducibility / riprə,dju:sə’biliti / n.再现性;再生性
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Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, 是过去分词作状语的结构,省略了连词和主谓,原句应该是“When McNutt was asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change”。
下面,复习一下之前讲过的伴随状语:
①伴随状语,它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语,伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。
伴随状语有很多不同的形式,同学们可以先了解以下几种形式:
a. 分词doing/done作伴随状语
The dog entered the room, following its master.
\ 这条狗跟着主人进了屋 //
(谓语entered和分词following逻辑上的主语都是the dog。你可以把分词当成是“定状变简公式”变来的,所以following前不用重复再写出相同的主语,而且因为没有连词,follow必须用非谓语的形式。
b. 用独立主格结构
The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying him every day.
\ 这小孩每天去上学,那条小狗陪伴着他 //
(和第一种情况几乎相同,也可以理解是由“定状变简公式”变来的。唯一不同的点在于:谓语goes和伴随状语里的分词accompanying逻辑上的主语不一样,goes的主语是boy,accompanying的逻辑主语是dog,所以后者保留了自己的逻辑主语。因为后者虽然不是个句子,只是个状语,但是它有自己独立的主语,这种情况就叫做“独立主格”。)
c. 用with复合结构
with表示“有着、拿着、随着”时常常都是伴随状语
The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red.
\ 小女孩们在玩雪,手都冻红了 //
(玩雪那里的with后面只是个普通的宾语。标红处的手被冻红了,才是伴随“玩”这个谓语同时发生的动作或状态,所以叫做伴随状语)
d. 用形容词
Crusoe went home, full of fear.
\ 克鲁索满怀恐惧地回家 //
He left home young and came back old.
\ 他少小离家老大回 //
(这种情况直接记忆即可)
当然,名词、介词短语等也都可以作伴随状语。但是我们要重点掌握上面这四种情况,为了突出重点,其他情况我就不列出来了。
② 同学们可能不太清楚that什么时候可以省略,请大家记住,以下情况that可以省略:
省略that的情况只和“宾”这个字有关哦!宾语从句的that可以省略!定语从句里that作为从句的宾语时可以省略!
a.that引导宾语从句时,that可以省略。
I think (that) you are right.
b.that在定语从句中作宾语的时候,that可以省略。
I like the book (that) you bought yesterday.
(定从, 修饰the book, that代替the book在从句里做宾语。you bought that(=the book) yesterday)
Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific researchand is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.” (Text 3. 2015. 英一)
当被问及是否因为某些特定的论文而促成了这次改变,麦克纳特说:“‘统计委员会’的创建是受对科学研究中统计和数据分析应用的广泛关切的驱动,也是《科学》为提升其发表研究的可复制性的全面努力的一部分。”
This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.(Text 4. 2015. 英一)
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