Factories have been transformed by automation, with robots now taking on a considerable proportion of jobs once done by people – lifting heavy loads, assembling parts, and more.
自动化改变了工厂，机器人现在承担了相当一部分曾经由人完成的工作–搬运重物、组装零件等等。
Some manufacturers are edging toward a future of factories focused on “lights out” or “dark” production. In such a setting, factories have near-total to full automation, with robots able to continue running overnight when humans are no longer there.
一些制造商正在逐步实现未来工厂的 “熄灯 “或 “黑暗 “生产。在这种环境下，工厂几乎实现了完全自动化，当人类不在工厂时，机器人可以继续通宵运行。
As manufacturing has become more and more automated, there are concerns about the roles traditionally taken on by people.
随着制造业的自动化程度越来越高，人们对传统上由人承担的角色产生了担忧。
Wootzano, a robot-powered food packer in the northeast of England, is one example. The company is working to prepare and pack fruit with a lineup of robots that can operate with little to no supervision.
位于英格兰东北部的机器人食品包装厂 Wootzano 就是一个例子。该公司正在使用一系列机器人准备和包装水果，这些机器人几乎不需要监督就能操作。
“Complete automation is what we all want to get towards, we want no human beings and the whole thing being run autonomously,” Atif Syed, CEO of Wootzano said.
“Wootzano 公司首席执行官 Atif Syed 说：”完全自动化是我们都希望实现的目标，我们希望不需要人工，整个过程都是自主运行的。
Still, the cost savings to this can be quite high, Syed said, noting that Wootzano, which packs fruit for distributors across the U.K., will eventually be able to operate with 80% fewer people than it currently does.
尽管如此，这样做所节省的成本还是相当高的，Syed 说，为英国各地经销商包装水果的 Wootzano 公司最终将能以比目前少 80% 的人员来运营。
However, implementing a fully automated factory isn’t as straightforward as it seems. For one, robots don’t excel in creative thinking or problem-solving.
然而，实施全自动工厂并不像想象中那么简单。首先，机器人并不擅长创造性思维或解决问题。
“If an error is happening, we don’t have enough data possibly to understand using machine learning techniques to then solve the problem,” Helge Wundermann, a professor of robotics at University College London said.
“伦敦大学学院机器人学教授海尔格-温德曼（Helge Wundermann）说：”如果发生错误，我们可能没有足够的数据来了解如何使用机器学习技术解决问题。
“The creativity, the experience, the expertise of the human beings to troubleshoot some of the problems is essential.”
“人类的创造力、经验和专业知识对于解决某些问题至关重要”。
Will the future of manufacturing truly be “dark”? And if so, what are the challenges to building autonomous factories?
未来的制造业真的会是 “黑暗 “的吗？如果是这样，建设自主工厂会面临哪些挑战？
Factories are heading for a ‘dark’ future — and it’s not what you think
Factories are heading for a ‘dark’ future — and it’s not what you think
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