Causative agent
病原体
Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria of the genus Brucella. These bacteria primarily infect animals, such ascattle, dogs, pigs, sheep and goats.People who are occupationally exposed to infected animals or their tissues, such asslaughterhouse workers, meat-packing workers, veterinarians and laboratory workers, are relatively at high risk.
布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏杆菌属引致的传染病。这些细菌主要感染动物，如牛、狗、猪、绵羊和山羊。因工作需要而接触到受感染的动物或动物组织的人士，如屠宰场员工、肉类加工员、兽医和实验室工作人员等，感染布鲁氏菌病的风险较高。
Clinical features
病征
The symptoms of brucellosis are nonspecific. It usually presentslike influenza with fever, sweats, headache, back pain, and physical weakness.Severe infections may affect the brain, heart, skin, any organs or body systems.The disease may progress to a chronic one and persist for years.
布鲁氏菌病没有特定的病征，但通常会出现与流行性感冒相似的症状，包括发烧、冒汗、头痛、背痛、和身体虚弱。严重的感染可能会影响大脑、心脏、皮肤，其他器官或身体系统。这种疾病可演变成慢性疾病，并可持续多年。
Mode of transmission
传播途径
Brucellosis can be transmitted to humans frominfected animals or contaminated animal productsmainly in the following ways:
Direct human-to-human spread is rare.
布鲁氏菌病可由受感染的动物或受污染的动物产品，经以下主要途径传染人：
人与人之间的直接传播并不常见。
Incubation period
潜伏期
The incubation period is variable. Usually 5 – 60 days, but can be as long as several months.
布鲁氏菌病没有特定的潜伏期。一般是 5 – 60 天，也可以长至数月。
Prevention
预防方法
Vaccine is available for animals only. To prevent the infection, members of the public are urged toobserve good personal and food hygiene:
目前只有用于动物的疫苗。预防感染，应注意个人和食物卫生：
Do not consume unpasteurised dairy products, raw or undercooked meat and internal organs.
切勿饮用或进食未经消毒的奶类制品，以及生的、未煮熟的肉类和内脏。
Wash hands with liquid soap and water after having contacts with animals or their secretions.
接触动物或其分泌物后，必须用肥皂和清水洗手。
Cover wounds properly.
妥善覆盖伤口。
Wear appropriate protective gears, e.g. gloves when handling animal tissues or internal organs especially for those who are exposed occupationally.
因工作需要处理动物组织或内脏时，要佩戴如手套等适当的防护装备。
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