△俯瞰建筑 摄影：杨超英
△画廊内部 摄影：杨超英
设计单位Foster + Partners
项目地点 山西大同
建成时间 2021年
项目规模 32,238平方米
作为新城文化广场的四个主要建筑之一，大同美术馆已成为该地区创意产业的一处全新中心。建筑的形式类似雕塑，被构想为一处地景。一系列相互连接的“金字塔”体量探出地面，画廊空间则沉入地下，被景观广场所环绕。
One of four major buildings within Datong New City’s cultural plaza, it is set to become a new hub for creative industries in the region. The building’s sculptural form has been conceived as a landscaped terrain with a series of interconnected pyramids emerging from below the earth – the gallery spaces are sunken below ground and surrounded by landscaped plazas.
事务所高级执行合伙人卢克·福克斯表示：“美术馆被构想为一处社交的中心——大同的‘城市客厅’，让群众、艺术与艺术家们相聚在一个可以互动的空间里。美术馆中心的画廊空间正体现了这种精神，其规模宏大，又能被灵活调用，不仅能满足大型艺术品的特殊展陈需求，还能容纳艺术表演或其他活动。”
Luke Fox, Head of Studio, Foster + Partners, said: “The museum is conceived as a social hub for people – an ‘urban living room’ for Datong –that brings people, art and artists together in a space where they can interact. At the heart of the museum, the Grand Gallery exemplifies this spirit with a generously scaled, flexible exhibition space designed to accommodate specially commissioned large-scale artworks as well as performance art and other events.”
△效果图 ©Foster + Partners
景观中明显的对角线路径将游客引向美术馆。入口处，一系列蜿蜒的坡道通向开放的下沉广场——这里亦为户外表演提供了一个露天的剧场。继续向室内前行，进入夹层空间，这里便是全美术馆的“社交中心”。高37米、跨度近80米的画廊直抵眼前，颇为震撼。而对环境条件有着特殊需求的展览空间，布置于美术馆外围的单层体量中，以便参观。
Visitors are guided towards the museum by strong diagonal paths in the landscaping. The entrance is via a winding sequence of ramps, which lead down into an open sunken plaza – this also provides an amphitheatre for outdoor performances. Entering the building, visitors arrive at a mezzanine level that reveals a spectacular overview of the Grand Gallery, the social heart of the museum, which measures 37 metres in height and spans almost eighty metres. Further climate-controlled exhibition spaces are placed around the perimeter of the museum on a single level, allowing for ease of access.
△效果图 ©Foster + Partners
除展陈外，建筑另一个关键之处即为对教育与学习的关注。美术馆内专门设置了儿童画廊，借助南向的高窗，画廊里充满了和煦的阳光。一个小型教育中心和媒体阅览室补充了建筑的教育功能。此外，美术馆内还设有支持艺术家驻留、举办讲座与会议的设施。
A key aspect of the building is the focus on education and learning with a dedicated children’s gallery, filled with sunlight from tall,south-facing windows. A smaller education centre and a media library complement the education programme and there are facilities to support artists residencies, talks and conferences.
△画廊内部 摄影：杨超英
四个相连的“金字塔”屋顶，其高度向中心逐渐抬升，并沿文化广场的四角呈扇形展开。“金字塔”顶端的天窗则允许自然光线进入室内空间。屋顶的设计是对巨大跨度的直接回应，也在下部提供一个宽敞、灵活的无柱空间，并让较小的画廊空间向边缘自然过渡。
The four interconnected roof pyramids increase in height and fan outwards towards the four corners of the cultural plaza. Natural light streams into the interior through roof lights, located at the apex of each pyramid. The design of the roof is a direct response to the large structural span of the building and the desire to create a vast, flexible column-free volume below, while mediating the smaller gallery spaces towards the edges.
△画廊内部 摄影：杨超英
屋顶由自然氧化的弧形钢板包覆，有助于排水，也使建筑表面呈现出丰富的三维质感。这些面板的比例即与美术馆的巨大尺度相辅相成，面板线性的排列也契合了“金字塔”般的屋面形式。
The roof is clad in naturally oxidised curved steel plates that help drain water and give a rich, three-dimensional quality to the surface. The panels are proportioned to suit the large scale of the museum and their linear arrangement accentuates the pyramidal roof form.
△屋面细节摄影：杨超英
依托将建筑下沉的设计手法，美术馆既与邻近的文化建筑形成体量上的谐调，也最大限度地扩充了建筑的使用面积。每个体量之间的天窗为室内提供了自然的采光，而当夜幕降临，馆内的灯光透出天窗，建筑在此刻也化身为一座别致的灯塔。
By sinking the building into the new plaza, the design relates in scale to the neighbouring cultural buildings, balancing the overall composition of the district masterplan while maximising the internal volume. A clerestory between each volume creates a naturally lit interior during the day, while creating a unique beacon for the new cultural quarter at night.
△项目夜景摄影：杨超英
建筑以高效的被动式设计来顺应大同的气候。高处的天窗面朝正北与西北方向，既利用了自然光线提供照明，也在最大限度上减少了太阳辐射，为艺术品提供最佳的保存环境。下沉的建筑体量，加以高性能的围护系统，进一步降低了建筑对能源的需求。大部分屋顶被设计为实心，其隔热效果是规范要求数值的两倍。
The building’s efficient passive design responds to Datong’sclimate. High-level skylights take advantage of the building’s north and north-west orientation, using natural light to aid orientation while minimising solar gain and ensuring the optimum environment for the works of art. Sinking the building into the ground along with a high-performance enclosure further reduces energy needs. The roof is mostly solid and is insulated to twice the building code requirements.
福克斯最后补充道：“这是一个面向未来的设计，我们希望美术馆可以成为城市文化生活的中心，成为一个充满活力的公共目的地。”
“Designed for the future, we hope the museum will become the centre of the city’s cultural life – a dynamic public destination,” added Fox.
设计图纸 ▽
△总平面图 ©Foster + Partners
△画廊层平面图 ©Foster + Partners
△夹层平面图 ©Foster + Partners
△东立面图 ©Foster + Partners
△西立面图 ©Foster + Partners
△南立面图 ©Foster + Partners
△北立面图 ©Foster + Partners
△剖面图 ©Foster + Partners
完整项目信息
Appointment: 2011
Completion: 2021
Area: 32,238m²
Client: Datong Municipal Administration of Culture Broadcasting Television Press & Publication
Museography and Exhibition design: Lord Cultural Resources
Collaborating Architect: China Architecture Design & Research Group
Structural Engineer: China Architecture Design and Research Group
Quantity Surveyor: China Architecture Design and Research Group
Landscape Architect: AECOM
Lighting Engineer: Claude Engle Lighting, Tsinghua University
视觉/李茜雅校对/李博超
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