考研对知识点的考察是有很大重复性的,一些重要的考点,会反复在试卷中出现。
为什么?
第一,有一些知识点,在英语中就是很常见,本身就很重要;第二,考研出卷人也是有自己的“舒适区”的,很多时候,他或有意识,或无意识地就会更倾向于出自己曾经出过的,或者比较类似的题目。
比如,peculiar 这个单词,明显在出题老师心中,有着重要的位置。也许下一次,再遇到这个单词,不自觉地还会就它出题。
今天,我们就来彻底搞定这个单词。
1. 最常见意思:奇怪的;怪异的;
Peculiar 这个词,最常见的意思是:奇怪的;怪异的。
比如:
a peculiar smell/taste奇怪的气味╱味道
for some peculiar reason:因为某些奇怪的原因
例句1:
Heissuch apeculiarpersonthat I have never been able to figure him out. 他是如此古怪,我从来都看不懂他。
例句2:
I hada peculiar feelingwe’d met before. 我有一种奇怪的感觉,觉得我们以前见过面。
类似的词还有 odd, strange; bizarre; weird。
这5个词意思比较相近,在大部分情况下是可以相互替换的,我们不需要分得特别清楚。
重点注意一下每个词的感情色彩:
odd/peculiar: 偏中性,略微贬义,表示某个人/事情有点不一样,有点怪异。
strange/weird:强贬义,表示某个人/事情很奇怪。
bizarre:超强贬义,一般不形容人,只形容事情或者东西。This is a bizarre outfit. 这件衣服太奇葩了吧!接受无能!
大家可以记住这张图:
所以,peculiar 最常见的意思是:有点怪异的,奇怪的。它比较偏中性,没有特别强的感情色彩。
但是,what is peculiar is that…。奇怪的是,在考研英语当中,peculiar 只要出现,都不是“奇怪”的意思,而是另一个意思:“独特的;特有的”。
2. peculiar 熟词僻义:特有的;独特的
当 peculiar 用于 peculiar to… 短语,或者 someone’s own peculiar… 时,peculiar 为“特有的”意思。这时候,peculiar 就没有贬义了,而是完全中性的词。
比如:
a humour that is peculiar to American sitcoms美国情景喜剧特有的幽默
a species of bird peculiar to Asia亚洲独有的鸟类
his own peculiar style:他独特的风格
The problem of racism is not peculiar to this country. 种族歧视问题并非只有这个国家才有。
来看真题例句:
例句1:
It turns outthat peculiar wayof conductingthe experiments may have led to misleadinginterpretations of what happened.(2010真题)
翻译:这表明实验所采取的独特方式可能造成了对所发生事情的误解。
例句2:
Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting allother life forms totheir own peculiar ideas and fancies.(2003翻译)
翻译:此外,人类还有能力改善自己的生存环境,从而让所有其他生命形式服从于人类自己独特的想法和想像。
例句3:
The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protectionsfor the “peculiar institution,”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.(2008真题)
这个句子,是很多同学都看不懂的长难句之一,我们详细分析一下。
第1部分:
The southern states wouldnot have signed the Constitutionwithout protections for the “peculiar institution,”including a clausethat counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.
主干:南方各州不会签署宪法(注意,这里用到了虚拟语气,表示虚拟的条件)
第2部分:
The southern states wouldnot have signed the Constitutionwithout protections for the “peculiar institution,”including a clausethat counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.
without 引导的介词短语,作状语。
翻译:在没有保护他们的“独特制度”的前提下。
这里的 institution 是“制度”“习俗”的含义,这个词也是一个重点词汇,我们之后会给大家详细分析。
第3部分:
The southern states wouldnot have signed theConstitutionwithout protections for the “peculiar institution,”including a clausethat counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.
including 引导的同位语,解释说明前面的“peculiar institution”。这里的“clause”是“规定”“条例”的意思。
第4部分:
The southern states wouldnot have signed theConstitutionwithoutprotections for the “peculiar institution,”including aclausethat counted a slave as three fifths of a manfor purposes of congressional representation.
黄色部分为定语从句,修饰前面的clause。对于这个定语从句,我们可以将其独立成句!
翻译:这个规定将一个奴隶算作是五分之三人。
第5部分:
The southern states wouldnot have signed theConstitutionwithoutprotections for the “peculiarinstitution,”including aclausethat counted a slave as three fifths of a manfor purposes of congressional representation.
目的状语,修饰前面的动词 count。为什么这样计算?
翻译:为了在国会选举代表时的目的。
所以,整句话的翻译就是:
The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.
如果不保护他们的“特殊制度”,南方各州是不会签署联邦宪法的。这些“特殊制度”中有一条规定:在选举国会代表时,一个奴隶可算作五分之三个公民。
这就是 peculiar 作“独特的;特有的”意思。
关于这个意思,还有几个真题例句,大家可以尝试翻译一下:
There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.(1999年翻译)
ButtheforceofgeographicconditionspeculiartoAmerica,theinterplayofthevariednationalgroupsupononceanother,andthesheerdifficultyofmaintainingold world ways in a raw, new continent caused significantchanges.(2015翻译)
3. peculiarity
peculiar 名词形式是:peculiarity,它相应地也有两个意思:
(1)怪癖;古怪之处
(2)独特性
和形容词性一样,在考研当中,遇到 peculiarity, 一般都是“独特性”的意思。
举例:
In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration tosay “United we stand, divided we fall” — and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity,” a unity of objectives that nonetheless respectthe varied peculiarities of each country.
peculiarity:“独特性”
nonetheless:然而;尽管如此
翻译:在应付如此大规模的挑战时,我们可以毫不夸张地说,“团结,我们就会站起来;分裂,我们就会垮下去”。并且,如果我要选择一个口号的话,一定会是“在多样中达成统一。” 尽管如此,这种集合了诸多目标的整体,依然尊重每个国家的独特性。
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