5月14日，美国阿拉巴马州的议会通过了美国最严反堕胎法案。
该法案禁止任何阶段的怀孕者堕胎——被性侵怀孕、乱伦怀孕者也不例外。当且仅当需要挽救孕妇生命时，堕胎才被视为合法。
5月15日，在一片反对声中，阿拉巴马州州长签署通过该法案，其将于六个月后正式生效。
The most restrictive anti-abortion legislation in the U.S.
阿拉巴马州的这条最新法案规定：实施堕胎手术者可面临最多99年监禁，尝试实施堕胎手术未遂者则面临最多10年监禁。
The Alabama Human Life Protection Act, signed into law by Governor Kay Ivey on Wednesday, makes abortion a Class A felony punishable by up to 99 years in prison, and attempted abortion a Class C felony punishable by up to 10 years in prison, with only three exceptions:
1) “To avoid a serious health risk to the unborn child’s mother”
2) For ectopic pregnancy
3) If the “unborn child has a lethal anomaly.”
The legislation has sparked outcry cross the state and the U.S.
法案签署通过后，很多媒体都提到这是对“罗诉韦德案”的一次公开挑战。
那么“罗诉韦德案”说了什么呢？
在该案的判决中，美国最高法院肯定了堕胎权属于女性的隐私权，受宪法第十四修正案保护。该法案规定在胎儿具有“母体外存活性”(viability)之前（约发生在怀孕24-28周），堕胎都属合法。
有趣的是，这位原告在生命的后半段，受洗成为了一名天主教徒，并坚决地反对哪怕是强奸受孕情况下的堕胎。
Interestingly enough, decades later, McCorvey (Roe) was converted to an evangelical Christian, then a Roman Catholic, and joined the anti-abortion movement.
She even expressed views regarding pregnancy from rape – in 1998, she told the Associated Press, “I don’t believe in abortion even in an extreme situation. If the woman is impregnated by a rapist, it’s still a child. You’re not to act as your own God.”
阿拉巴马州部分议员尝试通过一个修正案来给予因强奸、乱伦而导致怀孕的女性一个选择的权利。这份修正案最终被驳回，意味着“即便是因被强奸或乱伦导致的怀孕，也不准堕胎。”
CNN Screenshot
“I believe that when that unborn child becomes a person, and we need legal guidance on when it is,”a pro-abortion Alabama Senator stated when asked by a female Senator why a choice can’t even be granted to women who have suffered horrible acts such as rape or incest.
“But it’s none of your business. You don’t have to raise that child. You don’t have to carry that child. You don’t have to provide for that child. But yet you want to make that decision for that woman, that that’s what she has to do,” the female state Senator, Vivian Davis Figures, replied.
Pro-choice vs Pro-life
Now here’s another conversation happened during the debate over the bill at the Alabama Legislature:
-What I think is when God creates that life, that miracle of life, inside the woman’s womb, it’s not our place as humans to extinguish that life.
-Now you are in my womb. I want you out.
你选择捍卫生命存在的权利，还是捍卫女性选择的权利？
In a post-signing Twitter post, Kay Ivey, the governor of Alabama, reaffirmed the core religious reason that those hold against abortion:
“Every life is precious and that every life is a sacred gift from God.”
反堕胎的观念来源于基督教义，即相信每个生命都是上帝赐予，人类无权干预。
对于持有这种观点的人来说，生命一旦在子宫中形成，堕胎就等同于谋杀。
支持堕胎合法的人，也并非支持堕胎本身，而是希望能够拥有一个选择的权利。
拿一个宗教的观念来对所有人进行法律上的约束，首先就是有待商榷的。
如果尚未成形的胚胎的权利需要保护，被强奸怀孕女性的权利是否也需要保护呢？
For most women, especially those who are pro-choice, no one else has a say on their own womb. They don’t necessarily favor abortion itself – but they want their legal rights to make that decision.
The pro-abortion Alabama Senator John Rogers gave his fierce remarks on a debate during state legislature, “Some old men shouldn’t be sitting around telling a woman what to do with her body.”
Just as the sign held by protesters reads, “My body, my choice.”
And the “precious lives” defended may find themselves against being born after all.
Stories like the one told by the award-winning Lebanese film “Capernaum” is happening every day, every hour, in different places.
近期上映的黎巴嫩电影《何以为家》就描绘了这样一个残酷的现实。
如果一个生命无法保证在能够得到呵护的环境下来到这个世界，那么究竟是谁有权替他决定呢？
Senator Rogers put it in a much more controversial way, “You bring them in the world unwanted, unloved, you send them to the electric chair. So, you kill them now or you kill them later.”
“堕胎不一定是好事，
但没有选择一定是坏事。”
How it got here
多年后，前美国最高法院大法官哈利·布莱克蒙回忆起主笔“罗诉韦德案”判决书的那个时刻，仍唏嘘且骄傲——
“就算最后败诉，我也依旧认为‘罗诉韦德案’是女性解放道路上的一座里程碑。”
When Supreme Justice Harry Blackmun, who penned the majority opinion for Roe v. Wade, recalled the abortion case in 1986, he said even if the case went down the drain, he would still like to regard it “as a landmark in the progress of the emancipation of women.”
Justice Harry Blackmun
针对韦德代表的德州政府“胚胎也是生命，也拥有人权”的观点，哈利·布莱克蒙在判决书中这样写道——
“生命始于何时，不但不是一个可以由法院决断的问题，即使在哲学界、医学界、神学界，也从来没有形成过一致的意见，人类的知识还不足以揭示生命的全部奥秘。”
“We need not resolve the difficult question of when life begins. When those trained in the respective disciplines of medicine, philosophy, and theology are unable to arrive at any consensus, the judiciary, in this point in the development of man’s knowledge, is not in a position to speculate as to the answer.”
— Roe, 410 U.S. at 159.
However, half a century passed, we’re back where we started.
Why are we here again?
The aim of the bill’s architects, however, is not just challenge the landmark 1973 Roe v. Wade, but to bring it to the Supreme Court and then undermine and even completely overturn it.
And they have obviously been emboldened by the fact that the nine-member court is now a conservative majority – with Neil Gorsuch and Brett Kavanaugh nominated by U.S. President Donald Trump both joining the party.
2017年1月，美国总统特朗普提名保守派法官尼尔·戈萨奇任美国最高法院大法官。4月，尼尔·戈萨奇在白宫宣誓就职。
2018年7月，特朗普又再次提名保守派联邦上诉法院法官布雷特·卡瓦诺任美国最高法院大法官。3个月后，布雷特·卡瓦诺宣誓就职。
这两位由特朗普提名的新任大法官，让美国最高法院的保守派自此占据了绝对优势。
随后，美国16个保守州相继出台了极为严苛的反堕胎法案。
当这个与枪支管制一样具有重要意义的议题，再次来到众人面前，历史竟然在倒退。
还有网友指出，所有投反对票的，无一例外是共和党男性。
CNN Screenshot
当地时间周二下午，在激烈的参议院辩论中，一位女议员提出，应立法禁止男人做输精管绝育术。
此时，旁听辩论的人们顿时哄堂大笑。
这位女议员事后表示——
“我们从未像男人管女人身体那样管过男人的身体。
这个国家也从没有任何一项立法规定一个男人可以或者不可以对他的身体做什么。然而对女性而言，这样的规定却此消彼长、层出不穷。”
Not less, but less safe
调查显示，立法禁止堕胎恐怕在很大程度上不会减少女性堕胎，倒是更多增加了不安全的地下堕胎发生的机率。
A scene depicting illegal underground abortion from film “The Tribe”
According to a report released by the Guttmacher Institute, abortion rates are similar in countries where abortion is highly restricted and where it is broadly legal. As a fact, the legal restrictions increase the occurrence of unsafe abortions, with safe abortion considered when a WHO-recommended method is used by a trained person.
Source: The Guttmacher Institute
许多艺术家也将自己的思考放入了作品中。获得2007年戛纳金棕榈大奖的罗马尼亚电影《四月三周两天》，获得2004年威尼斯电影节金狮奖的英国电影《维拉·德雷克》等等，都探讨了在堕胎受法律禁止的情况下女性的生存状态。
Sometimes you just can’t help but wonder:
is it really about life, or actually about politics?
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